Abitare la fragilità: nuovi indicatori per la classificazione sismica degli edifici

The thesis intends to confirm itself in the field of scientific research, as defined by the PhD in Architecture, placing itself in thematic areas typical of Architectural Technology. The theme investigated, today of great relevance for the socio-technical implications that has not only on the activity of building but on the safety of the entire national territory, relates to the phenomena related to the earthquake and the effects it has on citizens and existing building stock. The research, starting from the more general concept of fragile living, comes from two objectives: 1. To understand the socio-technical implications of living the "anti-seismic house"; 2. To investigate the procedures and techniques of seismic retrofitting in the existing residential building stock. The intent is to develop a guiding tool to ensure compatibility of the most interesting issues in the construction sector: seismic safety and energy saving. Research methodology The stated objectives, clear and well placed in the chosen field, are legible in the results produced and are well placed in the strategic contents and the most recent objectives of Architectural Technology. The research proceeds on two fronts. The first part was divided into a 360 degree survey on the state of knowledge and relied on relationships with research units that had been active for some time on the subject, teachers and researchers who for some time have been conducting studies related to the thematic area dealt with under the historical, technical and instrumental aspect, pursuing the following objectives: - Knowledge of anti-seismic construction systems - Awareness of national and European policies on the issue of seismic safety - Analysis of technical regulations and construction techniques. In the second part concerning the delimitation of the field of investigation the following objectives were addressed: - Classification of anti-seismic adaptation techniques with respect to construction types - Analysis of the reading tools of the building organism. Finally, the result produced is original and concerns the development of an instrument that unifies the control procedures related to the seismic safety of buildings and energy efficiency and that clearly identifies the roles and responsibilities of the actors involved. The methodology used deals with and analyzes the topics in a rigorous and recognizable way in the research that the area of technology produces. Expected results The usefulness of the proposal lies in the formulation of a diversified hypothesis of method for the launch of new project verification procedures, considering that the current disintegration of the verification processes hitherto used was not effective. His main innovation concerns the choice of using a single operating tool that relates, comparing them: • Reading the reference context; • The construction technology adopted for the load-bearing structure and for the vertical and horizontal closures of the entire building organization; • The constructive technology of "envelope packages" or other sustainable technologies, aimed at reducing the environmental impact and consequently increasing energy efficiency. Possible countermeasures and discussion The proposed model, but also the thesis as a whole, are validated by having taken national and international references among the most recognizable and accredited in the field investigated. These clearly stated references are derived from the existing literature on the subject, and have been obtained from experiences and contacts with national and international researchers. The objectives stated in the research program have been achieved, even if the present work inevitably leaves open some issues that could not be investigated during the experimentation phase. First of all, the new tool, in order to become an application, requires an all-encompassing support legislation for the topics covered (currently non-existent), which states that the two systems, specifically: the classification of seismic risk and the energy classification, must be unique. Otherwise, the study conducted would completely lose its meaning. No less important is the management of the new instrument or the role it plays within the procedural process. It is therefore necessary to dwell on the management and on its ability to integrate and update itself. This moves from the awareness that the continuous acquisition of new inputs connected to the problem of seismic safety and energy efficiency, require that this tool is characterized by a flexible and interfaceable structure in order to reach the right solution to the problems detected. It follows that a further study must essentially concern two distinct but strongly correlated issues: the content of the tool and its management.