Enterococci are gram positive bacteria, inhabitants of the intestinal flora of warm blood animals, including humans. They cause a range of infections in clinical settings. The eradication of enterococcal strains resistant to most antimicrobials used to contrast serious gram-positives infections the so called superbugs is nowadays a clinical challenge. Enterococci are used as Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) for monitoring recreational waters to assess the potential risks for human health. This thesis was focused on the understanding of the contribution of the marine environment in the emergence, evolution and spread of enterococcal “superbugs”. To reach this goal water and sediment samples collected from different areas, including aquaculture sites, of the Adriatic Sea were analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistant enterococci by cultural and improved molecular methods, their genetic relationships and relatedness with clinical strains by ERIC PCR. In conclusion in this Thesis it has been highlighted the importance of sediment analysis when monitoring FIB, it has been demonstrated the role of the aquaculture activity on the presence and spread of antibiotic resistant enterococci and the role of the different selective pressures exerted in environmental and clinical setting, in the shaping of environmental and clinical strains.
Gli enterococchi sono batteri gram positivi, abitanti della flora intestinale degli animali a sangue caldo, compreso l’uomo. Essi causano un ampio range di infezioni di interesse clinico. L’eradicazione degli enterococchi resistenti alla maggior parte degli antibiotici usati per contrastare le infezioni causate dai suddetti superbugs oggi rappresenta una sfida in ambito clinico. Gli enterococchi sono usati come indicatori di contaminazione fecale (FIB) nel monitoraggio microbiologico delle acque. Questa tesi è stata focalizzata sulla comprensione del contributo dell’ambiente marino alla presenza, diffusione ed evoluzione di enterococchi superbugs. A raggiungere tale obbiettivo, campioni di acqua e di sedimento sono stati raccolti da differenti siti, inclusi impianti di acquacoltura, del Mare Adriatico, e sono stati analizzati per la presenza di enterococchi antibiotico resistenti tramite metodiche colturali e nuovi protocolli molecolari, inoltre sono state valutate le relazioni genetiche tra loro e con ceppi clinici tramite la ERIC PCR. In conclusione in questa Tesi è stata evidenziata l’importanza del sedimento nel monitoraggio dei FIB, è stato dimostrato il ruolo dell’attività dell’acquacoltura relativamente alla presenza e diffusione di enterococchi antibiotico resistenti e il ruolo di diverse pressioni selettive presenti in ambiente e in ambito clinico nel selezionare ceppi ambientali e clinici.
Approccio molecolare alla valutazione quantitativa e qualitativa di indicatori di inquinamento fecale dell'ambiente marino costiero
DI CESARE, ANDREA
2014
Abstract
Enterococci are gram positive bacteria, inhabitants of the intestinal flora of warm blood animals, including humans. They cause a range of infections in clinical settings. The eradication of enterococcal strains resistant to most antimicrobials used to contrast serious gram-positives infections the so called superbugs is nowadays a clinical challenge. Enterococci are used as Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) for monitoring recreational waters to assess the potential risks for human health. This thesis was focused on the understanding of the contribution of the marine environment in the emergence, evolution and spread of enterococcal “superbugs”. To reach this goal water and sediment samples collected from different areas, including aquaculture sites, of the Adriatic Sea were analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistant enterococci by cultural and improved molecular methods, their genetic relationships and relatedness with clinical strains by ERIC PCR. In conclusion in this Thesis it has been highlighted the importance of sediment analysis when monitoring FIB, it has been demonstrated the role of the aquaculture activity on the presence and spread of antibiotic resistant enterococci and the role of the different selective pressures exerted in environmental and clinical setting, in the shaping of environmental and clinical strains.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/94894
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-94894