Despite firm’s evaluation is still largely dominated by quantitative financial data, disclosing qualitative information about intangible assets is expected to enable a more precise evaluation of a company’s business thus reducing the information asymmetry between the firm and its stakeholders. The issue is particularly relevant when companies go public. In fact, IPOs provide a context in which information asymmetry is abnormally high: companies issuing IPOs are less known to investors and analysts because they are still new in the market, leading to greater uncertainty about their prospects. The disclosure of intellectual capital in an IPO prospectus thus provides an important opportunity to close this gap in information asymmetry, potentially lowering the cost of capital. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects produced by the intellectual capital information disclosed in the IPO prospectuses on the IPO performance. Content analysis is conducted on a sample of 74 IPO prospectuses of firms listed on Borsa Italiana between 2004 and 2014. The 87 evaluated variables are processed by principal component analysis, and the component revealed by the PCA are used as independent variables in two series of regressions, in order to study the effects of such elements on the IPO performance in both primary and secondary markets. Results indicate that the behavior of primary market investors is sensible to the information concerning human resources, while secondary market investors are sensitive to the information about research and development. Such empirical evidence provides reliable operative recommendation because the awareness about the IC information that are mostly interesting to investors could help firms to focus their efforts towards a specific disclosure. In fact, it is important for firms to understand that the disclosure of some of their non-financial information is a critical way to communicate their value to investors and often has a direct effect on their shares value. Future developments of this research might interest the long-run performance of the firms listed on the Italian stock exchange in order to examine whether the IC information disclosed actually rewards the interests of market investors in terms of good long-run performance of the shares they bought.
Negli ultimi decenni, l’importanza relativa delle informazioni finanziarie contenute nei report e nei prospetti finanziari è diminuita, lasciando spazio all’interesse per gli asset intangibili che stanno crescendo di rilevanza nel processo di creazione del valore di un’impresa. La mentalità del partecipanti al mercato dei capitali continua ad essere dominata dai dati finanziari, anche a causa dei costi di comunicazione e dei rischi connessi ad una potenziale perdita di competitività percepita dalle aziende che forniscono informazioni qualitative, tuttavia, la divulgazione di tali informazioni può aiutare a risolvere il problema dei gap delle asimmetrie informative e facilitare una valutazione più precisa delle società, accrescendo il successo della quotazione. Allo scopo di indagare l’effetto della disclosure delle informazioni di capitale intellettuale sulla performance dell’IPO, si conduce l’analisi dei contenuti di un campione di 74 prospetti IPO di aziende quotate in Borsa Italiana tra il 2004 e il 2014. I dati raccolti sono sintetizzati tramite una analisi delle componenti principali (PCA), applicata ad 87 variabili suggerite da un lavoro di Cordazzo (2007). Le componenti estratte dalla PCA sono successivamente utilizzate come variabili indipendenti in due serie di regressioni allo scopo di studiare gli effetti di tali componenti sulla performance dell’IPO nel mercato primario e nel mercato secondario. I risultati mostrano che gli investitori istituzionali apprezzano le informazioni connesse alle risorse umane, mentre gli investitori del mercato secondario sono interessati, in particolare, alle informazioni concernenti le attività di ricerca e sviluppo. Tali evidenze dovrebbero facilitare le imprese nella compilazione di un prospetto dell’IPO esaustivo e sintetico, in modo da ridurre i costi. Tuttavia, le indicazioni suddette, potrebbero indurre l’emittente ad adottare comportamenti opportunistici, persuadendo gli investitori ad acquistare le azioni a condizioni largamente favorevoli per sé stessa. Ulteriori ricerche potrebbero interessare la performance di medio-lungo periodo delle aziende quotate in Borsa Italiana in relazione con le informazioni di CI, in modo da capire se le informazioni di CI effettivamente premiano gli interessi degli investitori in termini di buona performance di lungo periodo delle azioni che hanno acquistato, o se, al contrario, le informazioni di IC fornite sono usate dall’azienda solo come uno strumento di marketing per il brevissimo periodo.
Il ruolo delle informazioni non finanziarie nei mercati: La performance delle IPO Italiane
CARDI, CRISTIANA
2016
Abstract
Despite firm’s evaluation is still largely dominated by quantitative financial data, disclosing qualitative information about intangible assets is expected to enable a more precise evaluation of a company’s business thus reducing the information asymmetry between the firm and its stakeholders. The issue is particularly relevant when companies go public. In fact, IPOs provide a context in which information asymmetry is abnormally high: companies issuing IPOs are less known to investors and analysts because they are still new in the market, leading to greater uncertainty about their prospects. The disclosure of intellectual capital in an IPO prospectus thus provides an important opportunity to close this gap in information asymmetry, potentially lowering the cost of capital. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects produced by the intellectual capital information disclosed in the IPO prospectuses on the IPO performance. Content analysis is conducted on a sample of 74 IPO prospectuses of firms listed on Borsa Italiana between 2004 and 2014. The 87 evaluated variables are processed by principal component analysis, and the component revealed by the PCA are used as independent variables in two series of regressions, in order to study the effects of such elements on the IPO performance in both primary and secondary markets. Results indicate that the behavior of primary market investors is sensible to the information concerning human resources, while secondary market investors are sensitive to the information about research and development. Such empirical evidence provides reliable operative recommendation because the awareness about the IC information that are mostly interesting to investors could help firms to focus their efforts towards a specific disclosure. In fact, it is important for firms to understand that the disclosure of some of their non-financial information is a critical way to communicate their value to investors and often has a direct effect on their shares value. Future developments of this research might interest the long-run performance of the firms listed on the Italian stock exchange in order to examine whether the IC information disclosed actually rewards the interests of market investors in terms of good long-run performance of the shares they bought.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/95379
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-95379