The use of hot-dip galvanized steel reinforcements is one of the most common methods used to prevent deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Zinc active corrosion, which occurs just after the embedding of galvanized steel in concrete, is accompanied by gaseous hydrogen evolution, which causes the loss of adhesion between the zinc coating and the cement paste still not hardened. Chromium VI compounds are strong oxidants naturally present in the cements and reduce the passivation time and the amount of hydrogen developed. The EU Directive 2003/53/EC obliges to keep the content of soluble chromium VI in cement below 2 ppm on the total dry weight of the cement due to its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. The objectives of this research project were to find a replacement for chromium VI compounds through study of galvanized steel passivation mechanism in concrete in presence of chromates and comparison of several inhibitors by their effectiveness as on zinc corrosion. The oxygen effect on the process of zinc passivation was also studied. The investigation was performed both in concrete and in saturated solution of calcium hydroxide, by means of corrosion potential and impedance measurements. To study the changes in the passivating layer, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were utilized. The results obtained indicate that the passivation of galvanized steel in concrete containing chromates occurs in several steps with different mechanisms and that dissolved oxygen plays an important role on the beginning of the passivation process. Among inhibitors studied in present work, nitrite seems to be the most promising, both in concrete and in Ca(OH)2 saturated solution. The future development of this research could be a depth study of the nitrite impact and a further search for alternative environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors of galvanized steel.
L’uso di barre d’acciaio zincate a caldo è uno dei metodi più comuni per prevenire il deterioramento delle strutture in calcestruzzo armato. La corrosione attiva dello zinco, che avviene subito dopo l’immersione dell’acciaio galvanizzato nel calcestruzzo, è accompagnata dallo sviluppo di idrogeno, che causa la perdita di adesione tra il rivestimento di zinco e la pasta di cemento non ancora indurita.I composti di cromo VI sono forti ossidanti naturalmente presenti nei cementi che riducono il tempo della passivazione e la quantità d’idrogeno sviluppato. La Direttiva 2003/53/ CE obbliga a mantenere il contenuto di cromo VI idrosolubile nel cemento al di sotto di 2 ppm sul peso totale a secco del cemento. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro sono stati: trovare un sostituto per i composti di cromo VI attraverso lo studio del meccanismo di passivazione dell'acciaio zincato nel calcestruzzo in presenza di cromo VI e confrontare diversi inibitori per la loro efficacia sulla corrosione dello zinco. E’ stato inoltre studiato l'effetto dell’ossigeno sulla passivazione dello zinco. L'indagine è stata effettuata nel calcestruzzo e in soluzione satura di idrossido di calcio, mediante misure del potenziale di corrosione e prove di impedenza. Per studiare gli strati di passivazione sono state utilizzate la microscopia SEM-EDX e la diffrattometria a raggi X. I risultati ottenuti indicano che la passivazione dell’acciaio zincato nel calcestruzzo in presenza di cromati avviene in più fasi con meccanismi diversi e che la presenza di ossigeno disciolto è importante per accelerare la passivazione. Tra gli inibitori studiati, il nitrito sembra quello più promettente, sia nel calcestruzzo che in soluzione satura di idrossido di calcio. Gli sviluppi futuri di questa ricerca potrebbero essere l’approfondimento dello studio dell'effetto dei nitriti e l'ulteriore ricerca di inibitori di corrosione a basso impatto ambientale.
Effect of some inhibitors on the passivation of galvanized rebars embedded in concrete
TIMOFEEVA, DARIA
2017
Abstract
The use of hot-dip galvanized steel reinforcements is one of the most common methods used to prevent deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Zinc active corrosion, which occurs just after the embedding of galvanized steel in concrete, is accompanied by gaseous hydrogen evolution, which causes the loss of adhesion between the zinc coating and the cement paste still not hardened. Chromium VI compounds are strong oxidants naturally present in the cements and reduce the passivation time and the amount of hydrogen developed. The EU Directive 2003/53/EC obliges to keep the content of soluble chromium VI in cement below 2 ppm on the total dry weight of the cement due to its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. The objectives of this research project were to find a replacement for chromium VI compounds through study of galvanized steel passivation mechanism in concrete in presence of chromates and comparison of several inhibitors by their effectiveness as on zinc corrosion. The oxygen effect on the process of zinc passivation was also studied. The investigation was performed both in concrete and in saturated solution of calcium hydroxide, by means of corrosion potential and impedance measurements. To study the changes in the passivating layer, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were utilized. The results obtained indicate that the passivation of galvanized steel in concrete containing chromates occurs in several steps with different mechanisms and that dissolved oxygen plays an important role on the beginning of the passivation process. Among inhibitors studied in present work, nitrite seems to be the most promising, both in concrete and in Ca(OH)2 saturated solution. The future development of this research could be a depth study of the nitrite impact and a further search for alternative environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors of galvanized steel.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/95860
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-95860