In this research work I present the feasibility study on the realization of a class of devices in SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology for ICT application at microwave frequencies. With this technology it is possible to obtain, by the traditional processes for the printed circuits manufacturing, integrated components with quality factors greater than the microstrip and the stripline. SIW technology is very promising because it permits to obtain compact, low cost and self-shielding guiding structures and hence, guides components. Although many papers, presented in literature, strengthen these qualities, this technology did not lead to an industrial production today, even at low volumes. This work is part of the formation project annexed to its research project, entitled “Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technologies development for microwave ICT applications” in collaboration with the Politecnico of Bari, Università Politecnica delle Marche and SOMACIS SpA, a worldwide PCB (Printed Circuit Board) industry with forty years of experience in the highly technological sector of high-mix and low-volume. As this hopeful technology allows a drastic reduction in size and costs, qualities that are well suited to the increasing market needs, the project aims to design and realize a class of product ranging from filter, hybrids, “frequency-shaping” components and antenna. SIW technology could also permit to produce in a large scale expensive and complicated products like the automotive and defense radars. Moreover, in the market of civil telecommunication, it could be possible to replace the standard and bulky TV dishes with planar array of antenna that are more competitive and could have a wide spread. Such array could also be fully integrated in the roof like it happens for the solar panels, this advantage could drive people to opt for these new concept of satellite antennas. Indeed, it seems to be realistic to foresee a market of thousands of components overlooking the proper motivation to the success of the project. The SIW technology permits to reproduce in a planar form, through rows of metallic holes, a traditional waveguide. Obviously, in these structures, the electromagnetic field travels into the dielectric and not in air. It is clear that this involves a sensible increase of the losses. Even if the dielectric losses are the dominant part, these are still enhanced from a high density of current localized in the metallic holes that constitute the lateral sidewalls. In recent years several Substrate Integrated Waveguide devices such as antennas [1-2], filters, and couplers [3-4, 5-6] have been reported in literature. SIW technology is a good technique for designing and fabricating microwave and millimeter-wave devices and circuits [7-21]. However, an industrial use of SIW components still requires an essential phase of systematic study. Therefore the first objective of this study consists in optimization of technologies most suitable for the realization of this components.
In questo lavoro presento lo studio di fattibilità riguardo la realizzazione di una classe di dispositivi in tecnologia SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) per applicazioni ICT alle frequenze delle microonde. Con questa tecnologia è possibile ottenere, attraverso i processi tradizionali per la realizzazione di circuiti stampati, componenti integrati nel substrato con fattori di qualità più alti rispetto alla microstriscia e la stripline. La tecnologia SIW è molto promettente in quanto permette di ottenere strutture guidanti, e quindi componenti, compatti, a basso costo e auto-schermanti. Sebbene siano presenti in letteratura molti articoli che esaltino queste qualità, questa tecnologia non è sfociata al momento in una produzione industriale, nemmeno su bassi volumi. Questo lavoro è parte del progetto di formazione annesso al progetto di ricerca, intitolato “Sviluppo di tecnologie in guida d’onda integrata (SIW) per applicazioni ICT a microonde” in collaborazione con il Politecnico di Bari, Università Politecnica delle Marche e SOMACIS SpA, un produttore internazionale di circuiti stampati con quarant’anni di esperienza in settori altamente tecnologici. Questa promettente tecnologia permette una drastica riduzione di costi e dimensioni, qualità che si adattano bene alle crescenti esigenze del mercato; il progetto prevede lo sviluppo e la realizzazione di una classe di dispositivi come filtri, ibridi, accoppiatori e antenne. La tecnologia SIW potrebbe permettere di produrre in larga scala prodotti complicati e costosi così come i radar per la difesa e l’automotive. Inoltre, nel mercato delle telecomunicazioni, potrebbe essere possibile sostituire le tradizionali e ingombranti parabole con schiere di antenne planari che sono più competitive e potrebbero avere una grande diffusione. Tali schiere potrebbero essere addirittura integrate al di sopra dei tetti come avviene per i pannelli solari, questo vantaggio potrebbe portare le persone ad optare per questo nuovo concetto di antenne satellitari. Quindi, sembra realistico prevedere un mercato di migliaia di componenti che forniscano le giuste motivazioni al successo del progetto. La tecnologia SIW permette di riprodurre in forma planare, attraverso file di fori metallizzati su di un substrato dielettrico, una guida d’onda tradizionale. Ovviamente in queste strutture, il campo elettromagnetico viaggia all’interno del dielettrico e non in aria. È chiaro che questo comporta un sensibile aumento delle perdite. Anche se le perdite dielettriche rappresentano la parte dominante, queste sono aumentate dalle perdite ohmiche dovute all’alta densità di corrente localizzata nei fori metallizzati che costituiscono le pareti laterali. Negli ultimi anni molti dispositivi in guida SIW sono stati riportati in letteratura, come antenne [1-2], filtri, and accoppiatori [3-4, 5-6]. La tecnologia SIW rappresenta una buona scelta di progettazione di circuiti e dispositivi a microonde e onde millimetriche [7-21]. Comunque, un uso industriale dei componenti SIW richiede ancora una fase essenziale di studio sistematico. Perciò il primo obiettivo di questo studio consiste nell’ottimizzazione di tecnologie appropriate per la realizzazione di questi componenti.
Technologies for the Integration of Waveguide Components and Antennas on Printed Circuit Boards
BIGELLI, FRANCESCO
2017
Abstract
In this research work I present the feasibility study on the realization of a class of devices in SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology for ICT application at microwave frequencies. With this technology it is possible to obtain, by the traditional processes for the printed circuits manufacturing, integrated components with quality factors greater than the microstrip and the stripline. SIW technology is very promising because it permits to obtain compact, low cost and self-shielding guiding structures and hence, guides components. Although many papers, presented in literature, strengthen these qualities, this technology did not lead to an industrial production today, even at low volumes. This work is part of the formation project annexed to its research project, entitled “Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technologies development for microwave ICT applications” in collaboration with the Politecnico of Bari, Università Politecnica delle Marche and SOMACIS SpA, a worldwide PCB (Printed Circuit Board) industry with forty years of experience in the highly technological sector of high-mix and low-volume. As this hopeful technology allows a drastic reduction in size and costs, qualities that are well suited to the increasing market needs, the project aims to design and realize a class of product ranging from filter, hybrids, “frequency-shaping” components and antenna. SIW technology could also permit to produce in a large scale expensive and complicated products like the automotive and defense radars. Moreover, in the market of civil telecommunication, it could be possible to replace the standard and bulky TV dishes with planar array of antenna that are more competitive and could have a wide spread. Such array could also be fully integrated in the roof like it happens for the solar panels, this advantage could drive people to opt for these new concept of satellite antennas. Indeed, it seems to be realistic to foresee a market of thousands of components overlooking the proper motivation to the success of the project. The SIW technology permits to reproduce in a planar form, through rows of metallic holes, a traditional waveguide. Obviously, in these structures, the electromagnetic field travels into the dielectric and not in air. It is clear that this involves a sensible increase of the losses. Even if the dielectric losses are the dominant part, these are still enhanced from a high density of current localized in the metallic holes that constitute the lateral sidewalls. In recent years several Substrate Integrated Waveguide devices such as antennas [1-2], filters, and couplers [3-4, 5-6] have been reported in literature. SIW technology is a good technique for designing and fabricating microwave and millimeter-wave devices and circuits [7-21]. However, an industrial use of SIW components still requires an essential phase of systematic study. Therefore the first objective of this study consists in optimization of technologies most suitable for the realization of this components.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/95935
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-95935