Electrocardiographic alternans (ECGA) is a noninvasive cardiac risk index that reflects an electrophysiological phenomenon, manifesting as P-wave/QRS-complex/T-wave alternans (PWA/QRSA/TWA, respectively) on the electrocardiogram. Aim of this PhD thesis is to provide insights on ECGA clinical role and applicability. The specific objective is to present the first automatic method to reliably identify and measure all ECGA forms. Indeed, current existent methods only focus on TWA. To this aim, here, the correlation method was upgraded, and the enhanced heart-rate adaptive match filter method was developed to provide both alternans amplitude (µV) and area (µV∙ms). TWA was found to increase 6h, 7h and 8h after administration of dofetilide drug, suggesting a higher predisposition to dofetilide-induced arrhythmias. High TWA in proximity of epileptic seizures (before: 31µV; during: 46µV; after: 30µV) suggested a higher electrical instability that rises arrhythmia vulnerability. TWA in the non-pathological fetal and preterm conditions (direct fetal ECG: 9µV; indirect fetal ECG: 11µV; preterm ECG: 26µV) suggested a TWA link to a state of incomplete development, being related to gestational-age to birth-weight ratio (0.76, p=0.02). In a patient with myocardial bridging, TWA was the prevalent alternans and correlated with heart rate (0.72, p less than 0.01), suggesting a higher risk condition. In a hemodialytic patient, ECGA was higher before (51µV) and during (53µV) hemodialysis than after (28µV), suggesting a lower risk condition after the treatment. Additionally, reliable ECGA measurements were obtained in both simulated and experimental conditions. TWA was prevalent in heart failure patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention (PWA: 545µV∙ms; QRSA: 762µV∙ms; TWA: 1382µV∙ms). Future studies will assess prognostic role of ECGA.
L'alternanza elettrocardiografica (ECGA) è un indice non invasivo di rischio cardiaco che riflette un fenomeno elettrofisiologico, palesandosi come alternanza dell'onda P/complesso QRS/onda T (PWA/QRSA/TWA, rispettivamente) sull'elettrocardiogramma. Scopo di questa tesi di dottorato è approfondire il ruolo clinico e l'applicabilità dell'ECGA. L'obiettivo è presentare il primo metodo automatico per identificare e misurare in modo affidabile tutte le forme di ECGA. Infatti, i metodi esistenti si concentrano solo sulla TWA. Il metodo di correlazione è stato aggiornato ed è stato sviluppato il metodo del filtro match adattivo migliorato per fornire sia l'ampiezza dell'alternanza (µV) che l'area (µV∙ms). È stato riscontrato che TWA sale 6h, 7h e 8h dopo la somministrazione di dofetilide, suggerendo una maggiore vulnerabilità ad aritmie indotte da dofetilide. Alta TWA in prossimità di crisi epilettiche (prima: 31µV; durante: 46µV; dopo: 30µV) ha suggerito una maggiore instabilità elettrica e quindi vulnerabilità all'aritmia. TWA in condizioni fetali e pretermine non patologiche (ECG fetale diretto: 9µV; ECG fetale indiretto: 11µV; ECG pretermine: 26µV) ha suggerito un collegamento della TWA a un incompleto sviluppo, essendo correlata al rapporto età gestazionale sul peso alla nascita (0.76, p=0,02). In un paziente con ponte miocardico, TWA era l'alternanza prevalente e correlava con la frequenza cardiaca (0.72, p minore di 0.01), suggerendo una condizione di rischio più elevato. In un paziente emodialitico, l'ECGA era maggiore prima (51µV) e durante (53µV) rispetto a dopo (28µV) l’emodialisi, suggerendo un rischio più basso dopo il trattamento. Inoltre, sono state ottenute misurazioni ECGA affidabili sia in condizioni simulate che sperimentali. La TWA era prevalente nei pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca con defibrillatore cardiaco impiantato per la prevenzione primaria (PWA: 545µV∙ms; QRSA: 762µV∙ms; TWA: 1382µV∙ms). Studi futuri valuteranno il ruolo prognostico dell'ECGA.
Alternanza elettrocardiografica: identificazione automatica e significato clinico. electrocardiographic alternans: automatic identification and clinical significance.
MARCANTONI, Ilaria
2021
Abstract
Electrocardiographic alternans (ECGA) is a noninvasive cardiac risk index that reflects an electrophysiological phenomenon, manifesting as P-wave/QRS-complex/T-wave alternans (PWA/QRSA/TWA, respectively) on the electrocardiogram. Aim of this PhD thesis is to provide insights on ECGA clinical role and applicability. The specific objective is to present the first automatic method to reliably identify and measure all ECGA forms. Indeed, current existent methods only focus on TWA. To this aim, here, the correlation method was upgraded, and the enhanced heart-rate adaptive match filter method was developed to provide both alternans amplitude (µV) and area (µV∙ms). TWA was found to increase 6h, 7h and 8h after administration of dofetilide drug, suggesting a higher predisposition to dofetilide-induced arrhythmias. High TWA in proximity of epileptic seizures (before: 31µV; during: 46µV; after: 30µV) suggested a higher electrical instability that rises arrhythmia vulnerability. TWA in the non-pathological fetal and preterm conditions (direct fetal ECG: 9µV; indirect fetal ECG: 11µV; preterm ECG: 26µV) suggested a TWA link to a state of incomplete development, being related to gestational-age to birth-weight ratio (0.76, p=0.02). In a patient with myocardial bridging, TWA was the prevalent alternans and correlated with heart rate (0.72, p less than 0.01), suggesting a higher risk condition. In a hemodialytic patient, ECGA was higher before (51µV) and during (53µV) hemodialysis than after (28µV), suggesting a lower risk condition after the treatment. Additionally, reliable ECGA measurements were obtained in both simulated and experimental conditions. TWA was prevalent in heart failure patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention (PWA: 545µV∙ms; QRSA: 762µV∙ms; TWA: 1382µV∙ms). Future studies will assess prognostic role of ECGA.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/96118
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-96118