Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that not only negatively affects public health, urban economics, and building thermal performance but can also affect urban infrastructure failure and the amount of mortality and morbidity due to this phenomenon. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the cause and then identify the effects of urban properties on UHI to propose efficient measures to mitigate the UHI and ensure the resilient and efficient design of cities and buildings. Urban Microclimate Models (UM) are typically employed for this purpose. However, gathering data to build accurate urban models is challenging. In this regard, Sensitivity (SA) and Uncertainty Analysis (UA) techniques can be used to improve model confidence. However, only a few studies in literature used these techniques applied to UMs. In this study, global SA and UA techniques are used to investigate the impacts of urban and building parameters on UHI Intensity (UHII) through the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model considering fifteen European cities which represent three different climate zones in Europe, i.e. zone 1 or warm region (Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome and, Valencia), zone 2 or moderate region (Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, and Vienne) and zone 3 or cold region (Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki). In addition, to make the results more generalizable, the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification schema is applied for these cities. As expected, the SA results show that urban morphology factors such as buildings surface fraction and aspect ratio significantly impact average UHI. For instance, the ST values obtained from the Sobol SA in LCZ1 for building surface fraction are 0.38, 0.45, 0.34, 0.34, and 0.34. in cities in zones 1 and 2 which are Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, Valencia and Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, and Vienne respectively. The values in zone 3 for Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki are 0.37, 0.30, 0.36, 0.36, and 0.36 respectively. Besides, the UA results reveal that among selected LCZs, LCZ1 (compact high-rise) and LCZ 7 (lightweight low-rise) have the stronger average of UHII in all considered cities. The average UHII in LCZ1 is 2.91, 2.45, 1.51, 2.31, and 1.90 °C in Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, and Valencia, 3.04, 3.19, 2.83, 1.60, and 2.21°C in Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, Vienne 2.04, 1.51, 1.77, 2.24, and 1.89°C in Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki, respectively. The values for LCZ7 are 2.54, 2.62, 1.58, 2.44, and 2.10 °C in cities in zone 1, including Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, and Valencia, respectively. The average UHII in LCZ7 for cities in zone 2 (Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, and Vienne) is 3.08, 3.25, 2.72, 1.50, and 2.29 °C respectively and the values for LCZ7 in zone 3 are 2.09, 1.55, 1.85, 2.36, 1.94 °C in Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki, respectively.
L’Isola di Calore è un fenomeno che non influenza negativamente solo la salute pubblica, l’economia urbana e il rendimento termico degli edifici, bensì anche i malfunzionamenti delle infrastrutture urbane e l’indice di mortalità e morbidità ad essi correlato. È perciò cruciale comprendere le cause e identificare gli effetti delle proprietà urbane influenzate dall’Isola di Calore, per proporre misure efficienti per mitigarne gli effetti ed assicurare la resilienza e l’efficienza della progettazione delle città e degli edifici. I modelli di microclima urbano sono tipicamente utilizzati per questo scopo. Tuttavia, la raccolta di dati per la creazione di modelli accurati risulta complicata. A tal proposito, possono essere utilizzate le tecniche di Sensitivity (SA) e di Uncertainty Analysis (UA), al fine di creare un modello affidabile. Sono presenti pochi casi studio in letteratura che utilizzano queste tecniche applicate al modello di microclima. In questo studio le tecniche sopracitate sono utilizzate per studiare l’impatto dei parametri urbani e costruttivi nell’intensità dell’Isola di Calore Urbana attraverso il modello Urban Weather Generator (UWG), considerando quindici città europee, di tre diverse zone climatiche, i.e. la zona 1 o zona calda (Atene, Madrid, Lisbona, Roma e Valencia), zona 2 o regione moderata (Dublino, Lubiana, Praga, Parigi e Vienna) e la zona 3 o regione fredda (Oslo, Stoccolma, Tallinn, Vilnius e Helsinki). In aggiunta, per rendere i risultati più generalizzabili lo schema di classificazione a Zone Climatiche Locali è stato applicato su queste città. Come atteso, i risultati del SA mostrano come i fattori di morfologia urbana, come la frazione di superficie dei palazzi e le proporzioni impattino mediamente l’UHI. Per esempio, il valore ST ottenuto dal Sobol SA a LCZ1 per la frazione di superfice di un edificio sono 0.38, 0.45, 0.34, e 0.34 nelle città delle zone 1 e 2, ovvero Atene, Madrid, Lisbona, Roma e Valencia, e Dublino, Lubiana, Praga, Parigi e Vienna, rispettivamente. I valori in zona 3 per Oslo, Stoccolma, Tallinn, Vilnius e Helsinki sono 0.37, 0.30, 0.36, 0.36 e 0.36, rispettivamente. Al di là di ciò, i risultati UA mostrano che tra le zone selezionate le LCZs, LCZ1 (grattacieli compatti) e LCZ7 (edifici bassi) hanno una media maggiore di UHI in tutte le città considerate. La media di UHI in LCZ1 è 2.91, 2.45, 1.51, 2.31 e 1.90 °C ad Atene, Madrid, Lisbona, Roma e Valencia, 3.04, 3.19, 2.83, 1.60, e 2.21°C a Dublino, Lubiana, Praga, Parigi e Vienna, e 2.04, 1.51, 1.77, 2.24, e 1.89°C ad Oslo, Stoccolma, Tallinn, Vilnius e Helsinki, rispettivamente. I valori di LCZ7 sono 2.54, 2.62, 1.58, 2.44, e 2.10 °C in città della zona 1, che includono Atene, Madrid, Lisbona, Roma e Valencia, rispettivamente. La media UHI in LCZ7 per città della zona 2 (Dublino, Lubiana, Praga, Parigi e Vienna) è 3.08, 3.25, 2.72, 1.50, e 2.29 °C rispettivamente, e i valori per LCZ7 nella zona 3 sono 2.09, 1.55, 1.85, 2.36, 1.94 °C ad Oslo, Stoccolma, Tallinn, Vilnius e Helsinki, rispettivamente.
Impact of urban morphology on Urban Heat Island Intensity in Europe: a global assessment method based on sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with UWG model
SALEHIPOUR BAVARSAD, FATEMEH
2023
Abstract
Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that not only negatively affects public health, urban economics, and building thermal performance but can also affect urban infrastructure failure and the amount of mortality and morbidity due to this phenomenon. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the cause and then identify the effects of urban properties on UHI to propose efficient measures to mitigate the UHI and ensure the resilient and efficient design of cities and buildings. Urban Microclimate Models (UM) are typically employed for this purpose. However, gathering data to build accurate urban models is challenging. In this regard, Sensitivity (SA) and Uncertainty Analysis (UA) techniques can be used to improve model confidence. However, only a few studies in literature used these techniques applied to UMs. In this study, global SA and UA techniques are used to investigate the impacts of urban and building parameters on UHI Intensity (UHII) through the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model considering fifteen European cities which represent three different climate zones in Europe, i.e. zone 1 or warm region (Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome and, Valencia), zone 2 or moderate region (Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, and Vienne) and zone 3 or cold region (Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki). In addition, to make the results more generalizable, the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification schema is applied for these cities. As expected, the SA results show that urban morphology factors such as buildings surface fraction and aspect ratio significantly impact average UHI. For instance, the ST values obtained from the Sobol SA in LCZ1 for building surface fraction are 0.38, 0.45, 0.34, 0.34, and 0.34. in cities in zones 1 and 2 which are Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, Valencia and Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, and Vienne respectively. The values in zone 3 for Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki are 0.37, 0.30, 0.36, 0.36, and 0.36 respectively. Besides, the UA results reveal that among selected LCZs, LCZ1 (compact high-rise) and LCZ 7 (lightweight low-rise) have the stronger average of UHII in all considered cities. The average UHII in LCZ1 is 2.91, 2.45, 1.51, 2.31, and 1.90 °C in Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, and Valencia, 3.04, 3.19, 2.83, 1.60, and 2.21°C in Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, Vienne 2.04, 1.51, 1.77, 2.24, and 1.89°C in Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki, respectively. The values for LCZ7 are 2.54, 2.62, 1.58, 2.44, and 2.10 °C in cities in zone 1, including Athens, Madrid, Lisbon, Rome, and Valencia, respectively. The average UHII in LCZ7 for cities in zone 2 (Dublin, Ljubljana, Prague, Paris, and Vienne) is 3.08, 3.25, 2.72, 1.50, and 2.29 °C respectively and the values for LCZ7 in zone 3 are 2.09, 1.55, 1.85, 2.36, 1.94 °C in Oslo, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vilnius, and Helsinki, respectively.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/96986
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-96986