Hybrid palm oil (HPO) is the crude oil obtained from the fruits of the interspecific oil palm Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis. It presents a high content in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, tocopherols and mainly tocotrienols, with antioxidant effect. Moreover, the HPO fatty acids (FA) profile is mainly characterized by monounsaturated FA. Due to these properties, HPO could represent an equivalent of the Mediterranean extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), the “gold standard” among the dietary oils for its well-known positive health effects. In spite of its interesting composition, no data about the health effects of the HPO are nowadays available. This PhD project aimed to fulfil the chemical characterization of the HPO antioxidant compounds content, and to investigate the effects of a HPO daily supplementation on the human cardiovascular health, comparing the effects of the HPO to those provided by the daily intake of EVOO. The phenolic profile of the HPO was studied and the antioxidant capacity of the oil was determined by means the ORAC and TEAC assays. After 3 months of oil supplementation (HPO or EVOO, 25 ml/day) in a randomized controlled clinical trial, the effects of the two oils on the plasma total phenolic content, plasma antioxidant capacity, plasma lipid pattern, erythrocytes phospholipids (PL) composition and erythrocyte FA profile of the volunteers patients were studied. The two oils provided similar effects, with no relevant differences evidenced at the end of the trial among the patients belonging to the HPO and EVOO groups. Significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed, with an enhancement of the plasma antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The erythrocytes lipid composition (PL and FA) of the participants was affected too by both the HPO and EVOO, increasing the unsaturation grade of the erythrocyte FA. As result, HPO could be considered the tropical equivalent of the EVOO.
L’olio di palma ibrido (OPI) è ottenuto dai frutti della palma da olio ibrida Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis. L’OPI contiene elevate quantità di tocotrienoli, tocoferoli e polifenoli. Inoltre il suo profilo acidico è principalmente caratterizzato da acidi grassi (AG) monoinsaturi. L’OPI potrebbe quindi rappresentare un equivalente dell’olio di oliva extravergine (OOE), considerato il “gold standard” tra gli oli alimentari per i suoi effetti salutari. Nonostante la sua peculiare composizione, non ci sono ad oggi dati riguardanti gli effetti dell’OPI sulla salute. Questo progetto di dottorato ha lo scopo di caratterizzare la frazione antiossidante dell’OPI, e di studiare gli effetti di una supplementazione dietetica con OPI sulla salute cardiovascolare dell’uomo, confrontando gli effetti dell’OPI con quelli ottenuti dall’assunzione di OOE. A tale scopo, è stato caratterizzato il profilo fenolico dell’OPI e determinata la sua capacità antiossidante. Dopo 3 mesi di supplementazione con OPI o con OOE (25 ml/die), in un trial clinico controllato e randomizzato, sono stati studiati gli effetti dei due oli sul contenuto fenolico del plasma e sulla sua capacità antiossidante, sul pattern lipidico del plasma, e sul profilo degli AG e dei fosfolipidi (FL) negli eritrociti dei pazienti ammessi allo studio. Il consumo dei due oli ha prodotto effetti simili sui parametri considerati. Al termine dello studio, non sono state evidenziate differenze rilevanti tra i parametri dei pazienti appartenenti ai due gruppi (OPI e OOE). A seguito della supplementazione dei due oli, in entrambi i casi, i valori di colesterolo (C) totale e C-LDL nel plasma si riducono significativamente e l’attività antiossidante ed il contenuto fenolico del plasma incrementano. Simultaneamente, il grado di insaturazione della frazione lipidica totale e delle specie molecolari dei FL negli eritrociti è aumentato. Considerato ciò, l’OPI potrebbe essere considerato l’equivalente tropicale del mediterraneo OOE.
Hybrid Palm Oil (Elaeis oleifera×Elaeis guineensis): Effects on the Human Health
GAGLIARDI, RICCARDO
2016
Abstract
Hybrid palm oil (HPO) is the crude oil obtained from the fruits of the interspecific oil palm Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis. It presents a high content in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, tocopherols and mainly tocotrienols, with antioxidant effect. Moreover, the HPO fatty acids (FA) profile is mainly characterized by monounsaturated FA. Due to these properties, HPO could represent an equivalent of the Mediterranean extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), the “gold standard” among the dietary oils for its well-known positive health effects. In spite of its interesting composition, no data about the health effects of the HPO are nowadays available. This PhD project aimed to fulfil the chemical characterization of the HPO antioxidant compounds content, and to investigate the effects of a HPO daily supplementation on the human cardiovascular health, comparing the effects of the HPO to those provided by the daily intake of EVOO. The phenolic profile of the HPO was studied and the antioxidant capacity of the oil was determined by means the ORAC and TEAC assays. After 3 months of oil supplementation (HPO or EVOO, 25 ml/day) in a randomized controlled clinical trial, the effects of the two oils on the plasma total phenolic content, plasma antioxidant capacity, plasma lipid pattern, erythrocytes phospholipids (PL) composition and erythrocyte FA profile of the volunteers patients were studied. The two oils provided similar effects, with no relevant differences evidenced at the end of the trial among the patients belonging to the HPO and EVOO groups. Significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed, with an enhancement of the plasma antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The erythrocytes lipid composition (PL and FA) of the participants was affected too by both the HPO and EVOO, increasing the unsaturation grade of the erythrocyte FA. As result, HPO could be considered the tropical equivalent of the EVOO.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
thesis_Gagliardi.pdf
accesso solo da BNCF e BNCR
Dimensione
2.64 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.64 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/97329
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-97329