The wastewater obtained from the anaerobic zootechnical digestors presents high values of Total Nitrogen (TN), mainly as Ammonia, salts and a low COD/TN ratio. According with the European Directive 91/676/EEC the nutrients removal must be considered. A pilot scale experimentation was designed to observe the optimal conditions for the removal of the nitrogen from zootechnical anaerobic supernatants following the nitrite pathway: an innovative technology that may yield up a reduction in aeration and COD requirements preventing the complete oxidation of ammonium and retaining the reaction into nitrite formation. The pilot plant operated with a continuous influent flow and was characterized by alternative oxic and anoxic phases automatically regulated by a control device processing the online signals of dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) probes. After a preliminary start-up in high COD/TN ratios conditions, evolved to the operative optimization, the second and the third phases were characterized, respectively, by a NLR of 0.16 and 0.43 kgNm-3d-1. Every phase was divided into sub-periods with limiting COD/TN ratios from 5 to 3 and TKN/NH4-N ratios from 1.2 to 2. The results showed elevated removal rates, even with a COD/TN ratio equal to 3. Ammonium and total nitrogen decrement percentages were higher than 85% in all the periods with limiting COD/TN values. The different nitrogen effluent forms varied from 9 to 80 as mgNH4-Nl-1 and from 12 to 180 as mgTNl-1. This behaviour was justified by the kinetic batch experiments, that demonstrated the high specialization of the biomass in nitrogen removal by the nitrite pathway: the AUR tests showed high ammonium oxidation rates (on average 0.133 kgNH4-NoxidizedkgMLVSS-1d-1) and a nitrosation contribution to the nitrification higher than 65%, while NUR tests verified that the nitrite reduction represents the 81% of the whole denitrification rate.
I surnatanti della digestione anaerobica dei reflui zootecnici sono caratterizzati da alte concentrazioni di nutrienti, in particolare azoto totale (TN), presente principalmente come azoto ammoniacale, da alte concentrazioni di sali e da bassi rapporti COD/TN. La direttiva europea 91/676/EEC evidenzia la necessità del loro trattamento, favorendo le soluzioni di rimozione e/o recupero dei nutrienti. Una sperimentazione in scala pilota è stata attuata al fine di osservare le condizioni ottimali per la rimozione dell’azoto via nitrito da tali reflui: una tecnica innovativa che può abbassare i costi di gestione di un impianto attuando una parziale nitrificazione dell’azoto ammoniacale a nitrito (nitrosazione), seguita dalla riduzione dei nitriti. L’impianto è un reattore CSTR a cicli alternati, nel quale la successione delle fasi aerobica e anossica è automaticamente controllata da un sistema brevettato basato sulla misura contemporanea del potenziale di ossido-riduzione e dell’ossigeno disciolto in vasca. Dopo una fase di start-up e ottimizzazione del processo ad alti rapporti COD/TN, la seconda e la terza fase sono state caratterizzate rispettivamente da un NLR medio di circa 0.16 e 0.43 kgNm-3d-1. Ogni fase è stata suddivisa in periodi a rapporti COD/TN limitanti (con valori da 5 a 3) e a rapporti TKN/NH4 compresi tra 1.2 e 2. I risultati hanno mostrato alte efficienze di rimozione dell’azoto ammoniacale e totale, superiori all’85% in tutti i periodi a rapporto COD/TN limitante. Questi dati sono supportati dai risultati delle prove cinetiche effettuate in batch, che hanno dimostrato una alta specializzazione della biomassa nella rimozione dell’azoto via nitrito: i test AUR hanno mostrato una velocità media di ossidazione dell’azoto ammoniacale pari a 0.133 kgNH4-NossidatikgMLVSS-1d-1, con contributo della nitrosazione sempre superiore al 65%, mentre i test NUR hanno confermato che la riduzione dei nitriti rappresenta almeno l’81% della velocità di denitrificazione.
Processo biologico avanzato in continuo via nitrito per il trattamento dei surnatanti anaerobici
SANTINI, MILO
2013
Abstract
The wastewater obtained from the anaerobic zootechnical digestors presents high values of Total Nitrogen (TN), mainly as Ammonia, salts and a low COD/TN ratio. According with the European Directive 91/676/EEC the nutrients removal must be considered. A pilot scale experimentation was designed to observe the optimal conditions for the removal of the nitrogen from zootechnical anaerobic supernatants following the nitrite pathway: an innovative technology that may yield up a reduction in aeration and COD requirements preventing the complete oxidation of ammonium and retaining the reaction into nitrite formation. The pilot plant operated with a continuous influent flow and was characterized by alternative oxic and anoxic phases automatically regulated by a control device processing the online signals of dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) probes. After a preliminary start-up in high COD/TN ratios conditions, evolved to the operative optimization, the second and the third phases were characterized, respectively, by a NLR of 0.16 and 0.43 kgNm-3d-1. Every phase was divided into sub-periods with limiting COD/TN ratios from 5 to 3 and TKN/NH4-N ratios from 1.2 to 2. The results showed elevated removal rates, even with a COD/TN ratio equal to 3. Ammonium and total nitrogen decrement percentages were higher than 85% in all the periods with limiting COD/TN values. The different nitrogen effluent forms varied from 9 to 80 as mgNH4-Nl-1 and from 12 to 180 as mgTNl-1. This behaviour was justified by the kinetic batch experiments, that demonstrated the high specialization of the biomass in nitrogen removal by the nitrite pathway: the AUR tests showed high ammonium oxidation rates (on average 0.133 kgNH4-NoxidizedkgMLVSS-1d-1) and a nitrosation contribution to the nitrification higher than 65%, while NUR tests verified that the nitrite reduction represents the 81% of the whole denitrification rate.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/97785
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-97785