Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-invasive physiological instrument that gives a sensitive assessment of small airways function. With IOS, small volume oscillations are applied at the mouth during ordinary tidal breathing; the instantaneous pressure/flow signal produced by the imposed oscillations (impedance,Zrs) is analyzed into its in-phase (resistance, Rrs) and out-of-phase (reactance, Xrs) components. Because Rrs is measured over a range of frequencies, IOS has the potential to distinguish between large and small airway resistance. Little is known about small airways (defined as less than 2mm in diameter) involvement in scleroderma, although a possible obstruction has been suggested by widespread bronchiolectasis and peribronchial fibrosis noted at necropsy. Large airway involvement is prevalent in pulmonary sarcoidosis, but small airway disease and its impact on quality of life is unclear. In order to investigate the prevalence of small airways diseases, patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and scleroderma were prospectively evaluated by IOS. The relationship between small airways diseases and selected disease-related characteristics were also investigated. The prevalence of small airways diseases, defined as R5-R20≥0.07 kPa/L/sec, was 30% and 60% respectively in scleroderma (n=42) and sarcoidosis (n=63) patients. In both groups, IOS measurements were tightly linked to respiratory symptoms, defined by the score at St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, more than conventional lung-function tests, suggesting a significant contribution of the small airways to symptom burden. In scleroderma patients, the small airways involvement was significantly related to the limited cutaneous subset. Further studies to evaluate the clinical utility of this measurement in “routine practice” are now warranted.
L’oscillometria ad impulsi (IOS) è una metodica non invasiva per la misurazione delle vie aeree periferiche più accurata e diretta rispetto ai comuni test di funzionalità respiratoria. Tale strumento è ampiamente utilizzato nella pratica clinica in ambito pediatrico e nei pazienti adulti con patologie respiratorie ostruttive acute e croniche. Recentemente, è stato ipotizzato che un coinvolgimento delle piccole vie aeree possa coesistere in patologie a localizzazione polmonare, sistemiche e non, con pattern non esclusivamente ostruttivo, ma anche misto o restrittivo, come ad esempio la sarcoidosi e la sclerodermia (SSc). Nei pazienti con SSc la possibilità di un’ostruzione bronchiolare è stata suggerita dalla presenza di bronchiolectasie agli esami autoptici, ed dal frequente riscontro di ispessimento delle pareti dei bronchioli alla tomografia computerizzata (TC). Evidenze suggestive di un interessamento delle piccole vie aeree in sarcoidosi derivano dall’osservazione sia di un’elevata prevalenza di air trapping alla TC torace, sia di alterati valori di flusso espiratorio forzato (FEF) 25-75%. Pertanto, l’obiettivo di tale studio era fornire una stima della prevalenza dell’interessamento delle piccole vie aeree valutata mediante IOS in corso di SSc e sarcoidosi ed identificare eventuali associazioni del parametro di interesse con determinate caratteristiche cliniche e funzionali di malattia. Un coinvolgimento delle piccole vie, definito come R5-R20≥0.07 kPa/L/sec, è stato riscontrato nel 30% dei pazienti con SSc e nel 60% dei pazienti con sarcoidosi, ed in entrambe le casistiche tale parametro correlava significativamente con una peggior qualità di vita in termini di percezione dei sintomi respiratori e limitazione funzionale delle attività quotidiane al St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Nel caso della patologia sclerodermica, è stata riscontrata anche una forte associazione con la variante limitata di malattia. Ulteriori studi si rendono quindi sono necessari per meglio comprendere i meccanismi patogenetici, evoluzione clinica ed i possibili risvolti terapeutici di tale rilevante e precedentemente non noto elemento patologico.
Ruolo delle piccole vie aeree nelle patologie polmonari croniche
BONIFAZI, Martina
2015
Abstract
Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-invasive physiological instrument that gives a sensitive assessment of small airways function. With IOS, small volume oscillations are applied at the mouth during ordinary tidal breathing; the instantaneous pressure/flow signal produced by the imposed oscillations (impedance,Zrs) is analyzed into its in-phase (resistance, Rrs) and out-of-phase (reactance, Xrs) components. Because Rrs is measured over a range of frequencies, IOS has the potential to distinguish between large and small airway resistance. Little is known about small airways (defined as less than 2mm in diameter) involvement in scleroderma, although a possible obstruction has been suggested by widespread bronchiolectasis and peribronchial fibrosis noted at necropsy. Large airway involvement is prevalent in pulmonary sarcoidosis, but small airway disease and its impact on quality of life is unclear. In order to investigate the prevalence of small airways diseases, patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and scleroderma were prospectively evaluated by IOS. The relationship between small airways diseases and selected disease-related characteristics were also investigated. The prevalence of small airways diseases, defined as R5-R20≥0.07 kPa/L/sec, was 30% and 60% respectively in scleroderma (n=42) and sarcoidosis (n=63) patients. In both groups, IOS measurements were tightly linked to respiratory symptoms, defined by the score at St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, more than conventional lung-function tests, suggesting a significant contribution of the small airways to symptom burden. In scleroderma patients, the small airways involvement was significantly related to the limited cutaneous subset. Further studies to evaluate the clinical utility of this measurement in “routine practice” are now warranted.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/97899
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVPM-97899