Role of malnutrition on clinical outcomes of patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation

This PhD project investigated the role of malnutrition on clinical outcomes in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with non-invasive respiratory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, NIMV, or high-flow nasal cannula, HFNC). Malnutrition is highly prevalent among hospitalized patients and is associated with impaired respiratory function, prolonged hospital stay, and increased mortality. This multicenter observational study included 127 patients admitted to sub-intens...

Extensive plasma proteomic profiling revealed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) as emerging biomarker of nivolumab clinical benefit in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

ImmuneOncology (IO) have led to a paradigm change in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), nevertheless, the benefit of treatment is confined to a limited proportion of patients. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers for response to IO represents an unmet clinical need. Here, we performed a large-scale plasma proteomic profile of patients with mRCC, treated with nivolumab, to identify soluble molecules potentially associated with clinical benefit. We analy...

L'autobiografia nell'educazione del paziente affetto da diabete mellito di tipo 1. prospettive di modificazione dello stile di vita

Oral microbiota as a novel predictive biomarker of response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients

Background: Immunotherapy has emerged as the new frontier of anticancer treatment, yet robust biomarkers able to predict who will benefit from immunecheckpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are still lacking. Growing evidence shows that the salivary microbiota substantially overlaps with that of the lower airways, suggesting it might mirror the tumour micro-environment in thoracic malignancies. We therefore explored whether baseline oral microbial composition can act as a non-invasive predictor of ICI re...

Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: The Emerging Role of Ultrasound in Determining Muscle Mass, Strength and Clinical Outcomes

Our reseach highlights the role of ultrasound as a reliable tool for assessing sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease. Notably, indices derived from quadriceps measurements have demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, supporting the use of ultrasound as an effective screening test in clinical practice. However, the heterogeneity of the existing literature, the small sample sizes, and the lack of external validation necessitate further studies on larger and mo...

Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) in Healthcare

The operationalization of Machine Learning (ML) models into production environments, a process known as Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), represents a crucial advancement in artificial intelligence. This thesis proposes a novel, standardized methodology composed of ten steps to streamline the deployment of ML models into production. Drawing on a synthesis of existing MLOps practices and frameworks, our study emphasizes integrating continuous integration, delivery, training, monitoring, exp...

Dallo spazio fisico allo spazio relazionale. Il modello Hubquarter. Un’analisi critica sull’evoluzione delle modalità di abitare i luoghi di lavoro

La repentina accelerazione del processo di “informatizzazione della realtà” (Floridi) dovuta allo shock pandemico ci pone di fronte alla prospettiva di un radicale mutamento del paradigma dell’abitare. È necessario quindi analizzare filosoficamente questo processo per ridefinire il concetto di spazio abitato, costruire metriche adatte a comprenderlo e declinare nuovi modelli per abitarlo, con in focus particolare sui luoghi del lavoro. Seguendo l’adagio heideggeriano secondo il quale la capa...

Studio della modulazione del microbiota intestinale come potenziale approccio predittivo per la valutazione degli esiti clinici e stato di salute

Introduction and Aims: The intestinal microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, plays an essential role in the metabolic, structural, and immune regulation of the human body. Alterations in its composition, known as intestinal dysbiosis, have been associated with numerous pathological conditions, including gastrointestinal, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This study focuses on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota as a potential tool to predict and improve clinical outco...

STUDIO DEL RUOLO DEI FATTORI AMBIENTALI NELL’EZIOPATOGENESI DELLA DISBIOSI ASSOCIATA A DISTURBI CRONICI INTESTINALI.

Background: Growing evidence supports the potential role of environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, in modulating the intestinal microbiota, possibly influencing the onset or the maintenance of symptoms in Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders. The present study aimed to correlate lifestyle habits with the colonic microbiota composition in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) compared to healthy controls (HC). Materials and methods: 18 IBD...