In recent years, the Italian Ministry of Education has involved schools in "Piano delle Arti" to try to promote the development of artistic skills, nonverbal languages and creativity. In 2022, a bill was proposed to combat school dropout, an increasingly pressing issue, through noncognitive skills. However, in "Indicazioni Nazionali per il primo ciclo" and related school curricula, the space reserved for nonverbal languages is limited, and in school practice art remains substantially confined to traditional disciplinary teaching. The school experience that was observed, relating to a primary school class of the Istituto Comprensivo "Alessandro Manzoni" of Reggio Emilia that spent the entire school year inside the city's "Palazzo dei Musei", made it possible to investigate a new way of doing school, where art and transdisciplinarity play a fundamental role within a particular model of “extended education system”. It proceeded to analyze within this innovative context how the concept of creativity is promoted and to elaborate a theory of it from the actors of this experience. There was a focus on this competence by inserting it into the contemporary debate that considers it necessary in our extremely complex society because it is able to provide new ways of decoding events and useful in achieving a state of balance and well-being. A comparison with the latest studies on implicit theories was proposed and then the correspondences between the founding theoretical cores of this new observed way of learning and the "Reggio Emilia Approach" and John Dewey’s thought in the text "Art as experience" (1934) were investigated: in addition to the concept of creativity, learning through art and the senses; the relationship between learning / teaching and community. In light of this particular case study, Herbert Read’s text, "Education through Art " (1943), significant for its mixture of speculative / philosophical and pragmatic elements functional to a school reform based on art and creativity, was reread, finding commonalities with John Dewey and the "Reggio Emilia Approach". This paper also addresses the “extended education system” issue of the Reggio Emilia "Widespread School" as an innovative element of art education. The idea of networking and sharing professional resources in the area proves to be very important as the system of teacher training and updating, as it is structured, is not very effective and collaboration with other educators in the area can instead function as a “forge” of innovation. Finally, a proposal for curricular experimentation for secondary school was then sketched out, drawing inspiration from the observed experience.
Negli ultimi anni il Ministero italiano della Pubblica Istruzione italiana ha coinvolto le scuole in un "Piano delle Arti" per cercare di promuovere lo sviluppo delle competenze artistiche, dei linguaggi non verbali e della creatività. Nel 2022 è stato proposto un disegno di legge contro la dispersione scolastica, problematica sempre più pressante, attraverso le competenze non cognitive. Tuttavia nelle "Indicazioni Nazionali per il primo ciclo" e nei relativi curricoli scolastici lo spazio riservato ai linguaggi non verbali è limitato e nella pratica scolastica l’arte rimane sostanzialmente confinata nel tradizionale insegnamento disciplinare. L’esperienza scolastica che si è osservata, relativa ad una classe di scuola primaria dell'Istituto Comprensivo "Alessandro Manzoni" di Reggio Emilia che ha svolto l’intero anno scolastico all’interno del "Palazzo dei Musei" della città, ha permesso di indagare un modo nuovo di fare scuola, dove arte e transdisciplinarità svolgono un ruolo fondamentale all’interno di un particolare modello di “sistema formativo allargato”. Si è proceduto ad analizzare come, all’interno di questo contesto innovativo, venga promosso il concetto di creatività e ad elaborarne una teoria partendo dagli attori di questa esperienza. Ci si è concentrati su questa competenza inserendosi nel dibattito contemporaneo che la ritiene necessaria nella nostra società estremamente complessa perché è in grado di fornire nuovi modi di decodificare gli eventi e utile al raggiungimento di uno stato di equilibrio e di benessere. È stato proposto il confronto con gli ultimi studi sulle teorie implicite e quindi si sono indagate le corrispondenze tra i nuclei teorici fondanti di questo nuovo modo di apprendere osservato e il "Reggio Emilia Approach" e il pensiero di John Dewey nel testo "Art as experience" (1934): oltre al concetto di creatività, l’apprendimento attraverso l’arte e i sensi; il rapporto tra l’apprendimento / insegnamento e la comunità. Alla luce di questo particolare studio di caso è stato riletto il testo di Herbert Read, "Education through art" (1943), significativo per la commistione di elementi speculativi / filosofici e pragmatici, funzionali ad una riforma della scuola basata sull’arte e la creatività, trovando punti in comune con John Dewey ed il "Reggio Emilia Approach". Il presente contributo affronta anche la tematica “sistema formativo allargato” della "Scuola diffusa" reggiana come elemento innovativo della didattica dell’arte. L’idea della rete e della condivisione di risorse professionali sul territorio si rivela molto importante in quanto il sistema di formazione e aggiornamento degli insegnanti, così come è strutturato, risulta poco efficace e la collaborazione con altri educatori del territorio può invece funzionare come “fucina” di innovazione. Infine è stato poi abbozzata una proposta di sperimentazione curricolare per la scuola Secondaria di primo grado che trae ispirazione dall’esperienza osservata.
Creatività ed esperienza estetica. Attraversamenti dal Reggio Emilia Approach alla Scuola diffusa per un nuovo apprendimento/insegnamento
PRESTIANNI, CRISTIANA
2024
Abstract
In recent years, the Italian Ministry of Education has involved schools in "Piano delle Arti" to try to promote the development of artistic skills, nonverbal languages and creativity. In 2022, a bill was proposed to combat school dropout, an increasingly pressing issue, through noncognitive skills. However, in "Indicazioni Nazionali per il primo ciclo" and related school curricula, the space reserved for nonverbal languages is limited, and in school practice art remains substantially confined to traditional disciplinary teaching. The school experience that was observed, relating to a primary school class of the Istituto Comprensivo "Alessandro Manzoni" of Reggio Emilia that spent the entire school year inside the city's "Palazzo dei Musei", made it possible to investigate a new way of doing school, where art and transdisciplinarity play a fundamental role within a particular model of “extended education system”. It proceeded to analyze within this innovative context how the concept of creativity is promoted and to elaborate a theory of it from the actors of this experience. There was a focus on this competence by inserting it into the contemporary debate that considers it necessary in our extremely complex society because it is able to provide new ways of decoding events and useful in achieving a state of balance and well-being. A comparison with the latest studies on implicit theories was proposed and then the correspondences between the founding theoretical cores of this new observed way of learning and the "Reggio Emilia Approach" and John Dewey’s thought in the text "Art as experience" (1934) were investigated: in addition to the concept of creativity, learning through art and the senses; the relationship between learning / teaching and community. In light of this particular case study, Herbert Read’s text, "Education through Art " (1943), significant for its mixture of speculative / philosophical and pragmatic elements functional to a school reform based on art and creativity, was reread, finding commonalities with John Dewey and the "Reggio Emilia Approach". This paper also addresses the “extended education system” issue of the Reggio Emilia "Widespread School" as an innovative element of art education. The idea of networking and sharing professional resources in the area proves to be very important as the system of teacher training and updating, as it is structured, is not very effective and collaboration with other educators in the area can instead function as a “forge” of innovation. Finally, a proposal for curricular experimentation for secondary school was then sketched out, drawing inspiration from the observed experience.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/104184
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-104184