Il ruolo dei fattori organizzativi e individuali sulla sicurezza degli infermieri.

“There is an emerging consensus that successful safety initiatives will depend on a theoretically sound understanding of the interrelationships among individual, environmental, and organizational factors that affect safe job performance (Katz-Navon, Naveh, & Stern, 2005; Lundstrom, Pugliese, Bartley, Cox, & Guither, 2002; Shannon, Mayr, & Haines, 1997)” (Mark et al., 2007). As a result, we tried to investigate the relationship between some organizational factors (safety climate and leadership), some individual factors, as affective commitment and turnover intention, and some outcomes (behaviours and injuries) characterizing the hospital setting (Gershon et al., 2000; Hofmann & Mark, 2006; Mark et al., 2007). This study used several tools of measures: Nursing Climate Scale (Zohar et al., 2007); Leader Member Social Exchange (Bernerth et al., 2007); Affective Commitment Scale (Allen & Meyer, 1990); Turnover Intention (Wayne et al., 1997). The obtained results point out that a positive linear correlation exists between Nursing Climate, Leader¬ship and Affective Commitment. The correlation between Turnover Intention and other variables always resulted negative. From the data it emerged that the Nursing Climate does not influence directly on safety outcome (behaviours and injuries), but it does through the climate strength, which acts as a moderating variable. “A direct correlation between safety climate and safety outcome has not conclusively been proven in healthcare (Hann et al., 2007; Zohar et al., 2007; Scott et al., 2003; Hellings et al., 2007; Modak et al., 2007; Guldenmund, 2007)” (de Wet et al., 2010). The results, furthermore, have revealed the Affective Commitment, which besides exercising a mediation role in the relationship between Nursing Climate and Turnover Intention, has an important determinant moderator role in the Nursing Climate relationship and behaviour, i.e. in rendering the Safety Climate predictive indicator of safety behaviours.