Forme e sviluppo del welfare aziendale nella siderurgia italiana e spagnola del XX secolo: i casi dei centri siderurgici a ciclo integrale di Genova e Sagunto

The theme of research is the development of company welfare in the XXth century. This work investigates the forms and the development of this phenomenon in Italy and Spain through the comparison of social attentions carried out within the steel industry. The attention is focused on the central decades of the century, from the twenties to the end of the sixties. The steel sector, pillar of the industry and objet of important investments along the century, and this phase, marked by relevant political and economic changes - from fascist dictatorship to democracy, from autarchy to market economic and economic boom - are a relevant field to understand the evolution of this phenomenon in the XXth century. The integrated steel centres of Genoa - Società Italiana Acciaierie Cornigliano, Cornigliano S.p.A. and Italsider - and Sagunto - Compañía Siderurgia del Mediterráneo and Altos Hornos de Vizcaya - are taken as privileged observation points. These, results, respectively, of public and private initiatives, are representative of steel sector evolution in these countries. The work, divided into six chapters completed by a short introduction and a conclusion, presents the development of social enterprises through corporate and managerial changes, as well as in connection with the change in the external context. The first chapter presents the boundaries of this phenomenon and the state of the art historiography. The following chapters provide, for the Italian case (chapters 2 and 3) and for the Spanish case (chapters 4 and 5): an overview, the steel industry and the companies’ histories, and the development of welfare actions. The last chapter offers a comparative analysis of these interventions, highlighting similarities and differences.