The doctoral thesis addresses the study of the interpretative and complementary criteria of the discipline about the sequestration of prevention of shareholdings (special proceedings similar to British Freezing Orders, but specifically against Mafia): it deals with the primary question of the investigation of a method within the sequestration of prevention of shareholdings, given the ordering importance of the regulations which attempt to rule the phenomenon. The specific discipline is faced and rebuilt where useful for the discovery of a comparative canon to be adapted to the matter of which the normative and doctrinal system is being reconstructed. The thesis is composed by an introduction and four chapters. In the introduction, the phenomenon and the interests involved in the sequestration of prevention of shareholdings (and, in general, in the measures of patrimonial prevention) are outlined , the concept of sequestration is delimited, the notion of "shareholdings" in use is pointed out and the regulatory framework of reference is summarized. The first chapter will regard the sequestration of shares in the companies, as tackled by the Italian Civil Code, since the classical approach to the problem uses the precepts of Articles 2352 and 2471-bis of the Civil Code to resolve the interpretative and complementary questions. In this regard, their ineffectiveness and incorrectness will be demonstrated from the point of view of literal, teleological and systematic data. The second chapter will discuss alternative theories to the recognition of interpretative and integrative criteria, which, with more or less intense levels of emancipation from the civil law discipline of sequestration of shareholdings, try to solve the problem in a private or public law way. After the critical examination of these theses, the theme of the classification of the sequestration of the prevention of shareholdings within the figure of the "compulsory management", demonstrating its systematic valence also with reference to other institutes "analogous" to the measures of patrimonial prevention. In conclusion, it is affirmed the necessity of searching "elsewhere" for the interpretative and complementary root of the discipline, given the inability of the classification in the compulsory management to answer the question of the investigation and shifting the attention from the sequestration to the judicial administration of shareholdings (which is a measure where the judge appoints a third person – like a trustee or an administrator – in order to manage the shareholding). The third chapter will develop the analysis in a comparative key, considering the relevance of the problem in a transnational context. It will take into account, in addition to the civil law regulation of the sequestration of shareholdings in France, Spain and Germany, also the solution chosen by the British system (which presents a model similar to the measures of patrimonial prevention) and by the German system (which has simply transposed the European Directive 2014/42/EU, without dealing with the management and administration of assets frozen and confiscated), revealing the absence of models comparable to the judicial administration of shareholdings. Finally, the fourth chapter elaborates a possible solution to the question posed at the beginning of the investigation, anticipating, by way of example, some consequences at the level of discipline and revealing, within the measures of prevention, a "micro-kósmos" capable of inserting itself in the folds of that "ordering fabric" in the continuous pursuit of a beginning.
La tesi di dottorato ha ad oggetto lo studio dei criteri interpretativi ed integrativi della disciplina dettata per il sequestro di prevenzione di partecipazioni sociali: si affronta il quesito primigenio dell’investigazione di un metodo all’interno del sequestro di prevenzione di partecipazioni, attesa la rilevanza ordinante delle norme che tentano di regolare il fenomeno. La disciplina specifica viene affrontata e ricostruita laddove utile ai fini della scoperta di un canone comparativo da adattare alla materia di cui si ricostruisce l’impianto normativo e dottrinale. La tesi è composta da un’introduzione e da quattro capitoli. Nell’introduzione, si definiscono il fenomeno e gli interessi coinvolti nel sequestro di prevenzione di partecipazioni sociali (ed in generale nelle misure di prevenzione patrimoniali), si delimita il concetto di sequestro, si puntualizza la concezione di “partecipazione sociale” in uso e si riassume il quadro normativo di riferimento. Il capitolo primo riguarderà il sequestro di azioni e di quote nelle società di capitali, così come affrontato dal codice civile, in quanto l’impostazione classica del problema utilizza i precetti degli artt. 2352 e 2471-bis c.c. per risolvere i quesiti interpretativi ed integrativi. A tal proposito, si dimostrerà la loro inefficacia e non correttezza dal punto di vista del dato letterale, teleologico e sistematico. Il secondo capitolo presenterà le teorie alternative alla ricognizione dei criteri interpretativi ed integrativi, che, con livelli più o meno intensi di emancipazione dalla disciplina civilistica del sequestro di partecipazioni, tentano di risolvere il problema in chiave privatistica o pubblicistica. Dopo l’esame critico di tali tesi, si affronterà il tema dell’inquadramento del sequestro di prevenzione di partecipazioni sociali all’interno della figura delle “gestioni coattive”, dimostrandone la valenza sistematica anche con riferimento ad altri istituti “analoghi” alle misure di prevenzione patrimoniali. In conclusione, si afferma la necessità di ricercare “altrove” la radice interpretativa ed integrativa della disciplina, data l’incapacità dell’inquadramento nelle gestioni coattive a rispondere al quesito dell’indagine e spostando l’attenzione dal sequestro all’amministrazione giudiziaria delle partecipazioni sociali. Il terzo capitolo svilupperà l’analisi in chiave comparata, attesa la rilevanza del problema in ambito transnazionale. Si darà conto, oltre che della disciplina in chiave civilistica del sequestro di partecipazioni sociali in Francia, Spagna e Germania, anche della soluzione prescelta dall’ordinamento britannico (che presenta un modello simile alle misure di prevenzione patrimoniali) e dall’ordinamento tedesco (che ha semplicemente recepito la direttiva europea 2014/42/UE, senza occuparsi della gestione e amministrazione dei beni sequestrati e confiscati), svelando l’assenza di istituti affini all’amministrazione giudiziaria di partecipazioni sociali. Infine, il quarto capitolo elabora una possibile soluzione al quesito posto all’inizio dell’indagine, anticipando a titolo esemplificativo alcune ricadute sul piano della disciplina e svelando all’interno delle misure di prevenzione un “micro- kósmos” in grado di inserirsi nelle pieghe di quel «tessuto ordinante» alla continua ricerca di un principio.
Sequestro di prevenzione di partecipazioni sociali: profili interpretativi e integrativi
ALTIERI, ATTILIO
2020
Abstract
The doctoral thesis addresses the study of the interpretative and complementary criteria of the discipline about the sequestration of prevention of shareholdings (special proceedings similar to British Freezing Orders, but specifically against Mafia): it deals with the primary question of the investigation of a method within the sequestration of prevention of shareholdings, given the ordering importance of the regulations which attempt to rule the phenomenon. The specific discipline is faced and rebuilt where useful for the discovery of a comparative canon to be adapted to the matter of which the normative and doctrinal system is being reconstructed. The thesis is composed by an introduction and four chapters. In the introduction, the phenomenon and the interests involved in the sequestration of prevention of shareholdings (and, in general, in the measures of patrimonial prevention) are outlined , the concept of sequestration is delimited, the notion of "shareholdings" in use is pointed out and the regulatory framework of reference is summarized. The first chapter will regard the sequestration of shares in the companies, as tackled by the Italian Civil Code, since the classical approach to the problem uses the precepts of Articles 2352 and 2471-bis of the Civil Code to resolve the interpretative and complementary questions. In this regard, their ineffectiveness and incorrectness will be demonstrated from the point of view of literal, teleological and systematic data. The second chapter will discuss alternative theories to the recognition of interpretative and integrative criteria, which, with more or less intense levels of emancipation from the civil law discipline of sequestration of shareholdings, try to solve the problem in a private or public law way. After the critical examination of these theses, the theme of the classification of the sequestration of the prevention of shareholdings within the figure of the "compulsory management", demonstrating its systematic valence also with reference to other institutes "analogous" to the measures of patrimonial prevention. In conclusion, it is affirmed the necessity of searching "elsewhere" for the interpretative and complementary root of the discipline, given the inability of the classification in the compulsory management to answer the question of the investigation and shifting the attention from the sequestration to the judicial administration of shareholdings (which is a measure where the judge appoints a third person – like a trustee or an administrator – in order to manage the shareholding). The third chapter will develop the analysis in a comparative key, considering the relevance of the problem in a transnational context. It will take into account, in addition to the civil law regulation of the sequestration of shareholdings in France, Spain and Germany, also the solution chosen by the British system (which presents a model similar to the measures of patrimonial prevention) and by the German system (which has simply transposed the European Directive 2014/42/EU, without dealing with the management and administration of assets frozen and confiscated), revealing the absence of models comparable to the judicial administration of shareholdings. Finally, the fourth chapter elaborates a possible solution to the question posed at the beginning of the investigation, anticipating, by way of example, some consequences at the level of discipline and revealing, within the measures of prevention, a "micro-kósmos" capable of inserting itself in the folds of that "ordering fabric" in the continuous pursuit of a beginning.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/123008
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFG-123008