One of the aspects of sailing recently analyzed in the Master's Degree course in Naval and Nautical Design is that relating to the world of cruising, from its more classic forms such as Mediterranean and Caribbean cruises to the lesser-known and more recently developed ones, for example cruises adventure in the Arctic and Antarctic aboard vessels of different sizes and types. During the Industrial Design 3 laboratory of the 2018-2019 academic year it was possible to work on the refitting project of a large Concordia class cruise ship, thanks to the cooperation of Fincantieri which provided the material necessary to reconstruct the geometries and spaces of the ship, which then served as the basis for the students' projects. Since the beginning of the project, one thing has been evident: these ships host several thousand people. The Concordia class has 3006 passengers plus another 1100 crew, extremely heterogeneous and differentiated by age: a small town on the water that continually changes location and that every day gets off the ship and flows into the host port city. Furthermore, the Concordia class is not the most recent of the cruise ships: at the moment the Costa Smeralda Excellence class ship has brought the number of passengers to 5224, which can rise up to 6554 by bringing the capacity to the maximum, accompanied by another 1646 crew people. To make a comparison, the city of La Spezia has approximately 95,000 people: two ships of this kind would bring a sudden increase in the number of people present in the city by 12%; the Cinque Terre all together, on the other hand, do not have 4,700 people. Cruise tourism must be added to that which arrives by land: it is clear that these numbers represent a resource of primary importance for the local economy. These numbers represent people who move, eat, consume, exchange every day: they have relationships with the surrounding environment, but every evening they return to the ship to be part of that limited floating ecosystem. The cruise ship, however, is not an isolated ecosystem: every day it needs incoming material and energy which is transformed into services and energy; at the exit we have outputs such as fumes, heat, gray and black water, waste. The sustainability of these large vessels has always been a sore point of them and the subject of study by various fields, and various solutions have already been proposed to mitigate the effects of cruise ships on the environment. An approach to the environmental and social sustainability of complex systems has been studied within the so-called Systemic Design, which relates the elements of a system by analyzing what enters and what exits under the light of quality and quantity, effectively leading to same level the final product and what is commonly called "waste", but which from this perspective becomes a different type of product with precise qualities, capable of becoming raw material for other processes specifically selected and inserted into the system capable of generating other products and other "differently raw matter", and so on, trying as much as possible to close the circle and reach the autopoiesis of the system. In the case of a cruise ship, this modus operandi will have to be set not only at the level of the ship's ecosystem, but by providing a second level that also embraces all land-based activities linked, directly and indirectly, to the cruise system and its passengers. The research, in this case, can be carried out on different aspects: from the more technical ones such as the study and application of technological solutions, to the development of selection criteria and technical procedures to be applied to targeted actions with the aim of improving quality of the final product and related by-products; with the aim of obtaining matter and energy that can be easily reused in other processes. Another important aspect of the research is that of the relationships with the environmental and social environment in which we are inserting ourselves: a change within the system we are analyzing can also bring changes to the systems that connect to it, the analysis of the dynamics of these changes can help us develop, within these interrelated systems, other solutions that integrate with the new flow of matter, energy and people. The ideal arrival point would be to be able to reach a point where all the planned activities are in harmony with each other, with calculated supply flows that allow their survival by mimicking natural ecosystems. A second objective of this approach is to identify areas in which to develop new products and professionalism that can be inserted into the local system and bring new employment opportunities and new economic income. Studies and initiatives in this direction are not new. The LeanShips initiative, for example, is a research project on zero-impact ships aimed at putting into practice various innovations in the nautical field with the aim of demonstrating their feasibility and ability to respond to the needs of the end user; this research involved various shipyards such as Damen, STX, Fincantieri, Abeking & Rasmussen and many other companies in the sector. The initiative was developed through the European Union Horizon2020 programme, with studies from 2016 to 2020; which was subsequently followed by a new program called Horizon Europe active from 2021 which will end in 2027. The results of this research, in an optimal scenario, can lead to tangible and measurable changes in the main reference system or in one of the related secondary ones ; from the development of products with specific technical solutions to the start-up of new activities in the environment that can positively impact local communities. From this perspective, a start-up project can focus on the creation of a technological hub that can connect the realities already present in the area that want to get involved in this ecosystem, providing counseling and back-office activities for development of products and services intended for the new ecosystem in formation with the aim of interfacing local operational realities with the object of the doctoral research: cruise ships and the tourist and corporate context in which they operate.
Uno degli aspetti della nautica analizzato recentemente nel corso di Laurea Magistrale in Design Navale e Nautico è quello relativo al mondo della crociera, dalle sue forme più classiche come le crociere mediterranee e caraibiche a quelle meno note e di più recente sviluppo, ad esempio le crociere avventura nell’artico e nell’antartico a bordo di vascelli di diverse dimensioni e tipologie. Durante il laboratorio di Disegno Industriale 3 dell’anno accademico 2018-2019 è stato possibile lavorare al progetto di refitting di una grande nave da crociera della classe Concordia, grazie alla cooperazione di Fincantieri che ha fornito il materiale necessario a ricostruire le geometrie e gli spazi della nave, che sono poi serviti da base per i progetti degli studenti. Fin dagli inizi del progetto, una cosa è stata evidente: queste navi ospitano diverse migliaia di persone. La classe Concordia conta 3006 passeggeri più altri 1100 di equipaggio, estremamente eterogenea e differenziata per età: un piccolo paese sull’acqua che cambia continuamente collocazione e che ogni giorno scende dalla nave e si riversa nella città portuale ospitante. La classe Concordia, inoltre, non è la più recente delle navi da crociera: al momento la nave Costa Smeralda di classe Excellence ha portato il numero di passeggeri a 5224, che possono salire fino a 6554 portando al massimo la capacità, accompagnati da altre 1646 persone di equipaggio. Per fare un paragone, la città della Spezia conta all’incirca 95000 persone: due navi del genere porterebbero un aumento repentino delle persone presenti in città del 12%; le Cinque Terre tutte insieme invece non arrivano a fare 4700 persone. Il turismo di crociera va sommato a quello che arriva via terra: è evidente come questi numeri rappresentino una risorsa di primaria importanza per l’economia locale. Questi numeri rappresentano persone che ogni giorno si muovono, mangiano, consumano, scambiano: hanno rapporti con l’ambiente circostante, ma ogni sera tornano alla nave a far parte di quell’ecosistema circoscritto galleggiante. La nave da crociera, tuttavia, non è un ecosistema isolato: ogni giorno ha bisogno di materiale ed energia in entrata che viene trasformata in servizi ed energia; in uscita abbiamo output come fumi, calore, acque grigie e nere, rifiuti. La sostenibilità di queste grandi imbarcazioni è da sempre un punto dolente delle stesse ed oggetto di studio da parte di diversi ambiti, e diverse soluzioni sono già state proposte per mitigare gli effetti delle navi da crociera sull’ambiente. Un approccio alla sostenibilità ambientale e sociale di sistemi complessi è stato studiato all’interno del cosiddetto Design Sistemico, che mette in relazione gli elementi di un sistema analizzandone ciò che entra e ciò che esce sotto la luce di qualità e quantità, di fatto portando allo stesso livello il prodotto finale e ciò che viene comunemente detto “scarto”, ma che in quest’ottica diventa un diverso tipo di prodotto con precise qualità, capace di diventare materia prima per altri processi appositamente selezionati ed inseriti nel sistema capaci di generare altri prodotti ed altra “materia diversamente prima”, e così via cercando il più possibile di chiudere il cerchio e raggiungere l’autopoiesi del sistema. Nel caso nella nave da crociera, questo modus operandi andrà impostato non solo a livello dell’ecosistema della nave, ma prevedendo un secondo livello che abbracci anche tutte le attività di terraferma legate, direttamente ed indirettamente, al sistema della crociera e dei suoi passeggeri. La ricerca, in questo caso, potrà essere eseguita su diversi aspetti: da quelli più tecnici come lo studio e l’applicazione di soluzioni tecnologiche, allo sviluppo di criteri di scelta e procedure tecniche da applicare ad azioni mirate con lo scopo di migliorare la qualità del prodotto finale e dei sottoprodotti correlati; con l’obbiettivo di ottenere materia ed energia facilmente riutilizzabile in altri processi. Un altro aspetto importante della ricerca è quello dei rapporti con l’ambiente ambientale e sociale in cui ci si va ad inserire: un cambiamento all’interno del sistema che stiamo analizzando può portare cambiamenti anche ai sistemi che si collegano ad esso, l’analisi delle dinamiche di questi cambiamenti ci può aiutare a sviluppare, all’interno di questi sistemi correlati, altre soluzioni che si integrano con il nuovo flusso di materia, energia e persone. L’ideale punto di arrivo sarebbe quello di poter arrivare ad un punto in cui tutte le attività progettate sono in armonia tra di loro, con flussi di approvvigionamento calcolati che ne permettano la sopravvivenza mimando gli ecosistemi naturali. Un secondo obbiettivo di questo approccio è individuare aree in cui sviluppare nuovi prodotti e professionalità che possono andare ad inserirsi nel sistema locale e portare nuove opportunità di impiego e nuove entrate economiche. Gli studi e le iniziative in questa direzione non sono nuove. L’iniziativa LeanShips, ad esempio, è progetto di ricerca sulle navi ad impatto zero volta a mettere in pratica diverse innovazioni in campo nautico con l’obbiettivo di dimostrarne la fattibilità e la capacità di rispondere alle necessità dell’utente finale; questa ricerca ha coinvolto diversi cantieri come Damen, STX, Fincantieri, Abeking & Rasmussen e molte altre aziende del settore. L’iniziativa è stata sviluppata attraverso il programma dell’Unione europea Horizon2020, con studi dal 2016 al 2020; a cui è seguito successivamente un nuovo programma chiamato Horizon Europe attivo dal 2021 che si concluderà nel 2027. I risultati di questa ricerca, in uno scenario ottimale, possono portare a cambiamenti tangibili e misurabili nel sistema di riferimento principale o in uno di quelli secondari correlati; dallo sviluppo di prodotti con soluzioni tecniche specifiche all’avviamento di nuove attività nell’ambiente che possano influire positivamente sulle comunità locali. In quest’ottica, un progetto di start-up può vertere nella realizzazione di un hub tecnologico che possa collegare le realtà già presenti sul territorio che abbiano voglia di entrare in gioco in questo ecosistema, fornendo attività di counseling e back-office per lo sviluppo di prodotti e servizi destinati al nuovo ecosistema in formazione con l’obbiettivo di interfacciare le realtà operative locali con l’oggetto della ricerca di dottorato: le navi da crociera ed il contesto turistico ed aziendale in cui operano.
Apporto del design sistemico alla progettazione per la sostenibilità a bordo delle navi da crociera
CAVALLIN, MASSIMILIANO
2025
Abstract
One of the aspects of sailing recently analyzed in the Master's Degree course in Naval and Nautical Design is that relating to the world of cruising, from its more classic forms such as Mediterranean and Caribbean cruises to the lesser-known and more recently developed ones, for example cruises adventure in the Arctic and Antarctic aboard vessels of different sizes and types. During the Industrial Design 3 laboratory of the 2018-2019 academic year it was possible to work on the refitting project of a large Concordia class cruise ship, thanks to the cooperation of Fincantieri which provided the material necessary to reconstruct the geometries and spaces of the ship, which then served as the basis for the students' projects. Since the beginning of the project, one thing has been evident: these ships host several thousand people. The Concordia class has 3006 passengers plus another 1100 crew, extremely heterogeneous and differentiated by age: a small town on the water that continually changes location and that every day gets off the ship and flows into the host port city. Furthermore, the Concordia class is not the most recent of the cruise ships: at the moment the Costa Smeralda Excellence class ship has brought the number of passengers to 5224, which can rise up to 6554 by bringing the capacity to the maximum, accompanied by another 1646 crew people. To make a comparison, the city of La Spezia has approximately 95,000 people: two ships of this kind would bring a sudden increase in the number of people present in the city by 12%; the Cinque Terre all together, on the other hand, do not have 4,700 people. Cruise tourism must be added to that which arrives by land: it is clear that these numbers represent a resource of primary importance for the local economy. These numbers represent people who move, eat, consume, exchange every day: they have relationships with the surrounding environment, but every evening they return to the ship to be part of that limited floating ecosystem. The cruise ship, however, is not an isolated ecosystem: every day it needs incoming material and energy which is transformed into services and energy; at the exit we have outputs such as fumes, heat, gray and black water, waste. The sustainability of these large vessels has always been a sore point of them and the subject of study by various fields, and various solutions have already been proposed to mitigate the effects of cruise ships on the environment. An approach to the environmental and social sustainability of complex systems has been studied within the so-called Systemic Design, which relates the elements of a system by analyzing what enters and what exits under the light of quality and quantity, effectively leading to same level the final product and what is commonly called "waste", but which from this perspective becomes a different type of product with precise qualities, capable of becoming raw material for other processes specifically selected and inserted into the system capable of generating other products and other "differently raw matter", and so on, trying as much as possible to close the circle and reach the autopoiesis of the system. In the case of a cruise ship, this modus operandi will have to be set not only at the level of the ship's ecosystem, but by providing a second level that also embraces all land-based activities linked, directly and indirectly, to the cruise system and its passengers. The research, in this case, can be carried out on different aspects: from the more technical ones such as the study and application of technological solutions, to the development of selection criteria and technical procedures to be applied to targeted actions with the aim of improving quality of the final product and related by-products; with the aim of obtaining matter and energy that can be easily reused in other processes. Another important aspect of the research is that of the relationships with the environmental and social environment in which we are inserting ourselves: a change within the system we are analyzing can also bring changes to the systems that connect to it, the analysis of the dynamics of these changes can help us develop, within these interrelated systems, other solutions that integrate with the new flow of matter, energy and people. The ideal arrival point would be to be able to reach a point where all the planned activities are in harmony with each other, with calculated supply flows that allow their survival by mimicking natural ecosystems. A second objective of this approach is to identify areas in which to develop new products and professionalism that can be inserted into the local system and bring new employment opportunities and new economic income. Studies and initiatives in this direction are not new. The LeanShips initiative, for example, is a research project on zero-impact ships aimed at putting into practice various innovations in the nautical field with the aim of demonstrating their feasibility and ability to respond to the needs of the end user; this research involved various shipyards such as Damen, STX, Fincantieri, Abeking & Rasmussen and many other companies in the sector. The initiative was developed through the European Union Horizon2020 programme, with studies from 2016 to 2020; which was subsequently followed by a new program called Horizon Europe active from 2021 which will end in 2027. The results of this research, in an optimal scenario, can lead to tangible and measurable changes in the main reference system or in one of the related secondary ones ; from the development of products with specific technical solutions to the start-up of new activities in the environment that can positively impact local communities. From this perspective, a start-up project can focus on the creation of a technological hub that can connect the realities already present in the area that want to get involved in this ecosystem, providing counseling and back-office activities for development of products and services intended for the new ecosystem in formation with the aim of interfacing local operational realities with the object of the doctoral research: cruise ships and the tourist and corporate context in which they operate.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/126743
URN:NBN:IT:UNIGE-126743