The thesis aims to focus on the compensation remedies that can be invoked in case of medical malpractice injuries. It seeks to investigate – also considering the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis – whether or not no-fault compensation alternatives can integrate or replace the traditional tort model. The search for alternatives to civil liability is not a common focus for continental scholars: this area has been more thoroughly investigated by the foreign scholarship, which has identified, within the broader category of no-fault systems, a narrower subset known as “compensation funds”. In order to understand these models, it was useful to start with the analysis of the indemnity provisions, resulting from a variety of specific legislative provisions, whose dogmatic comprehension lies in the Italian doctrine of the “atto lecito dannoso”. Among these, of primary interest are the cases ruled by the law of February 25, 1992, no. 210, which lays the basis for the construction, from a de jure condendo perspective, of no-fault compensation plans. Following a detailed analysis of the current discipline regarding liability in the healthcare sector, the observed need of a shift requires the study of compensation funds, analyzing their types, structure, purposes and functioning, although their dogmatic comprehension proves challenging. A comparison with the New Zealand system of accident compensation and the French system of “indemnisation des accidents médicaux” is, therefore, valuable for identifying the shortcomings of torts (in general and also in relation to the specific area of medical accidents) and examining the reasons that justify and support the establishment of a public fund in order to compensate personal injuries. Lastly, the Covid-19 pandemic emergency has represented a (further) “season” that has marked healthcare liability law. Central to discussions among scholars was, in particular, the adequacy of existing civil liability rules. This perspective, however, appears incomplete, as it fails to consider the protection needs of the injured parties, to which civil liability law is primarily dedicated. At a level of legal abstraction, the thesis investigates the broader compatibility of the no-fault compensation model within the Italian legal system, to assess whether, as it seems, or not a “Covid-19 Compensation Fund” could align with the social and legal landscape shaped by the pandemic events. Nonetheless, adopting such a fund in this specific and narrow field could well serve as a catalyst and provide a testing ground for future and more ambitious no-fault compensation outcomes within healthcare liability.
Il lavoro di tesi intende indagare quali rimedi compensativi possano essere invocati in caso di pregiudizio derivante dallo svolgimento dell’attività medico-sanitaria, al fine di comprendere – anche in ragione dei recenti eventi pandemici da Covid-19 – se alternative di riparazione no-fault possano affiancare o sostituire il tradizionale modello di responsabilità civile. La ricerca di soluzioni alternative all’illecito civile non è questione cui il giurista continentale è solito confrontarsi: tale ambito è stato piuttosto approfondito dalla letteratura straniera, la quale ha da tempo individuato, all’interno della macrocategoria del metodo no-fault, una più ristretta fattispecie tracciata in corrispondenza dei c.d. compensation funds. La comprensione di questi strumenti richiede di prendere le mosse dall’analisi dell’indennizzo, fattispecie frutto di una pluralità di traduzioni legislative del tutto singolari, la cui razionalizzazione dogmatica è stata affidata alla teorica dell’atto lecito dannoso. Tra queste, di primario interesse sono i casi disciplinati dalla legge 25 febbraio 1992, n. 210, la cui disciplina consente di porre le basi per la costruzione, in chiave de jure condendo, di piani indennitari. All’esito dell’articolata ricognizione dell’attuale disciplina della responsabilità sanitaria, la constatata emersione di un cambio di paradigma impone il confronto con i compensation funds (“fondi indennitari”), analizzandone le tipologie, la struttura, finalità, e modalità di intervento, pur risultandone ardua una sistematizzazione dogmatica. Il confronto con il sistema neozelandese di “accident compensation” e quello francese di riparazione degli “accidents médicaux” è, quindi, senz’altro prezioso per cogliere le carenze del rimedio dei torts (in genere e nel più specifico settore dei danni da atto sanitario) e vagliare le ragioni che consentono di fondare e giustificare l’istituzione di un fondo pubblico a riparazione delle menomazioni all’integrità psico-fisica. Da ultimo, l’emergenza pandemica da Covid-19 ha rappresentato una (ulteriore) “stagione” che ha contrassegnato la responsabilità sanitaria. Al centro delle riflessioni dottrinali è stata, in particolare, l’autosufficienza delle vigenti regole di responsabilità civile. Tale prospettiva, tuttavia, appare parziale, in quanto dimentica di contemperare l’altro corno del discorso sulla responsabilità: le esigenze di tutela dei danneggiati, cui l’istituto aquiliano è primariamente dedicato. Attestandosi su di un livello di astrattezza giuridica, il lavoro di tesi indaga la più ampia compatibilità del modello indennitario nell’ordinamento italiano, al fine di comprendere se, come sembra, un “Fondo indennitario Covid-19” possa attagliarsi al quadro sociale e giuridico fatto proprio dagli eventi pandemici. Nondimeno, l’adozione di un fondo in un ambito, quello cennato, particolarmente ristretto, ben potrebbe fungere da catalizzatore e rappresentare un utile terreno di sperimentazione per futuri – e ben più audaci – esiti in senso no-fault all’interno della responsabilità sanitaria.
RISPOSTE ISTITUZIONALI AI PREGIUDIZI DA MALPRACTICE SANITARIA: TRA RISARCIMENTO DEL DANNO E ALTERNATIVE DI COMPENSAZIONE NO-FAULT. PROBLEMI E PROSPETTIVE ALLA LUCE DELLA CRISI PANDEMICA
VOLPATO, Andrea
2024
Abstract
The thesis aims to focus on the compensation remedies that can be invoked in case of medical malpractice injuries. It seeks to investigate – also considering the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis – whether or not no-fault compensation alternatives can integrate or replace the traditional tort model. The search for alternatives to civil liability is not a common focus for continental scholars: this area has been more thoroughly investigated by the foreign scholarship, which has identified, within the broader category of no-fault systems, a narrower subset known as “compensation funds”. In order to understand these models, it was useful to start with the analysis of the indemnity provisions, resulting from a variety of specific legislative provisions, whose dogmatic comprehension lies in the Italian doctrine of the “atto lecito dannoso”. Among these, of primary interest are the cases ruled by the law of February 25, 1992, no. 210, which lays the basis for the construction, from a de jure condendo perspective, of no-fault compensation plans. Following a detailed analysis of the current discipline regarding liability in the healthcare sector, the observed need of a shift requires the study of compensation funds, analyzing their types, structure, purposes and functioning, although their dogmatic comprehension proves challenging. A comparison with the New Zealand system of accident compensation and the French system of “indemnisation des accidents médicaux” is, therefore, valuable for identifying the shortcomings of torts (in general and also in relation to the specific area of medical accidents) and examining the reasons that justify and support the establishment of a public fund in order to compensate personal injuries. Lastly, the Covid-19 pandemic emergency has represented a (further) “season” that has marked healthcare liability law. Central to discussions among scholars was, in particular, the adequacy of existing civil liability rules. This perspective, however, appears incomplete, as it fails to consider the protection needs of the injured parties, to which civil liability law is primarily dedicated. At a level of legal abstraction, the thesis investigates the broader compatibility of the no-fault compensation model within the Italian legal system, to assess whether, as it seems, or not a “Covid-19 Compensation Fund” could align with the social and legal landscape shaped by the pandemic events. Nonetheless, adopting such a fund in this specific and narrow field could well serve as a catalyst and provide a testing ground for future and more ambitious no-fault compensation outcomes within healthcare liability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/158263
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPV-158263