The doctoral thesis proposes an investigation into the mnemonic techniques used in traditional songs orally transmitted and the dynamics of oral transmission and narration, exploring their reciprocal connections. To achieve this, a vast linguistic-musical corpus representing the narrative genres of the oral tradition in Central and Southern Italy was created. The materials were collected through field surveys and digital archives. The main objective is to understand how singers compose, learn, and transmit oral songs in the impromptu context of performances. The anthropological approach adopts a study perspective open to linguistic-semiotic aspects. The interest in orality highlights the primarily oral nature of language, recognizing a substantial difference between oral and written linguistic varieties. Oral narration presents unique issues, such as the use of multiple expressive codes, the participatory dimension of performances, and the crucial role of memory. The study methodology is based on theoretical reflections by scholars like Eric A. Havelock, Walter J. Ong, Milman Parry, and Albert B. Lord, who examined the dynamics of orality and writing. Studies on oral tradition in various cultures, including those by Ruth Finnegan and John Foley, have contributed to understanding the cultural context and challenges in interpreting oral works. The analysis focuses on the formulaic theory developed by Milman Parry and Albert B. Lord, which highlighted the use of fixed formulas and mnemonic techniques in oral compositions. This study has opened new perspectives on the scientific approach to oral literature. It also explores the interaction between orality and writing in the Western musical tradition. Italian ethnomusicology has documented a rich panorama of popular musical expressions, studied in relation to historical-cultural and political changes. Interest in these expressions is both scientific and political-cultural. The investigation underscores the importance of narrative genres and different expressive modalities in the context of performances. Additionally, extraverbal aspects such as proxemics and kinesics in narrative communication are considered. Throughout the research, the importance of the cultural and historical context in analyzing oral performances is recognized. The approach views narrating as a process of constructing world models and cultural organization, thus reflecting the complexity of communities and their perspectives. The analysis of oral tradition musical performances suggests that singing and other types of narration are not based on modern creative imagination but result from the interaction between the singer, the audience, and the memory of the songs. This process creates a unique connection between the performer and the audience, blurring the boundaries between who sings and who listens. Another focal point is the use of mnemonic techniques and fixed formulas. These strategies facilitate the memorization and transmission of oral narratives, enabling performers to quickly recall acquired knowledge. The research identifies the crucial role of memory in orality and the transmission of traditions. The research approach not only examines existing forms of narration but also explores the interactions between different media and expressive codes, such as dance, singing, and acting. This complex framework highlights how each medium adds a unique contribution to the overall meaning of the work, reflecting the richness of human communication. Finally, the thesis acknowledges the role of ethnomusicology and studies on oral tradition in the broader cultural context. The interest in popular cultural expressions can be both a scientific inquiry and a political-cultural act. The analysis of the dynamics of orality and narration contributes to understanding the complexity of human cultures and preserving traditions in the evolving context of social, technological, and cultural changes. Ultimately, the thesis aims to thoroughly analyze the dynamics of orality, narration, and oral transmission in traditional cultures, examining the connections between language, music, and performance. Among the peculiar aspects of the thesis, there is also a proposal to share oral material online on the ArcGIS platform. Sharing popular songs on the ArcGIS platform allows for documenting and preserving oral cultural expressions, accessible to a global audience (scholars, researchers, and institutions), opening opportunities for the comparative study of oral traditions and musical practices. The ability to perform spatial, temporal-geographical, and interconnective analyses can reveal patterns, trends, and correlations among different cultural and musical traditions and allows for comparing similarities and differences in traditions. A database made available to research centers, schools, cultural institutions, and organizations can use the shared materials in real-time for teaching about cultural and musical diversity.
La tesi di dottorato propone un’indagine sulle tecniche mnemoniche utilizzate nei canti tradizionali tramandati oralmente e sulla dinamica della trasmissione orale e della narrazione, esplorando le loro connessioni reciproche. Per farlo, è stato creato un vasto corpus linguistico-musicale che rappresenta i generi narrativi della tradizione orale nel Centro e Sud Italia. I materiali sono stati raccolti attraverso rilevamenti sul campo e archivi digitali. L’obiettivo principale è quello di comprendere come i cantori compongano, apprendano e trasmettano i canti orali nel contesto estemporaneo delle performance. L’approccio antropologico adotta un’ottica di studio aperta anche agli aspetti linguisticosemiotici. L’interesse per l’oralità sottolinea la natura primariamente orale del linguaggio, riconoscendo una differenza sostanziale tra le varietà linguistiche orali e quelle scritte. La narrazione orale presenta questioni uniche, come l’uso di codici espressivi multipli, la dimensione partecipativa delle performance e il ruolo cruciale della memoria. La metodologia di studio si basa su riflessioni teoriche di studiosi come Eric A. Havelock, Walter J. Ong, Milman Parry e Albert B. Lord, che hanno esaminato le dinamiche dell’oralità e della scrittura. Gli studi sulla tradizione orale in diverse culture, inclusi quelli di Ruth Finnegan e John Foley, hanno contribuito a comprendere il contesto culturale e le sfide nell’interpretazione delle opere orali. L’analisi si concentra sulla teoria formulare sviluppata da Milman Parry e Albert B. Lord, che ha evidenziato l’uso di formule Lisse e tecniche mnemoniche nelle composizioni orali. Questo studio ha aperto nuove prospettive sull’approccio scientifico alla letteratura orale. Si esplora anche l’interazione tra l’oralità e la scrittura nella tradizione musicale occidentale. L’etnomusicologia italiana ha documentato un ricco panorama di espressioni musicali popolari, che vengono studiate anche in relazione ai cambiamenti storico-culturali e politici. L’interesse verso queste espressioni è sia di carattere scientifico che politico-culturale. L’indagine sottolinea l’importanza dei generi narrativi e delle diverse modalità espressive nel contesto delle performance. Inoltre, si considerano anche gli aspetti extraverbali come la prossemica e la cinesica nella comunicazione narrativa. Nel corso della ricerca, si riconosce l’importanza del contesto culturale e storico nell’analisi delle performance orali. L’approccio considera il narrare come un processo di costruzione di modelli del mondo e di organizzazione culturale, riflettendo così̀ la complessità delle comunità e delle loro prospettive. L’analisi delle performance musicali di tradizione orale suggerisce che il canto e altri tipi di narrazione non sono basati sull’immaginazione creativa moderna, ma sono il risultato dell’interazione tra il cantore, il pubblico e il ricordo delle canzoni. Questo processo crea una connessione unica tra l’esecutore e il pubblico, sfumando i confini tra chi canta e chi ascolta. Un ulteriore punto focale è l’uso delle tecniche mnemoniche e delle formule Lisse. Queste strategie facilitano la memorizzazione e la trasmissione delle narrazioni orali, consentendo agli esecutori di richiamare rapidamente le conoscenze acquisite. La ricerca identifica il ruolo cruciale della memoria nell’oralità e nella trasmissione delle tradizioni. L’approccio della ricerca non si limita a esaminare le forme di narrazione esistenti, ma esplora anche le interazioni tra diversi media e codici espressivi, come la danza, il canto e la recitazione. Questo quadro complesso sottolinea come ogni medium aggiunga un contributo unico al significato complessivo dell’opera, riflettendo la ricchezza della comunicazione umana. Infine, la tesi riconosce il ruolo nell’etnomusicologia e degli studi sulla tradizione orale nel contesto culturale più ampio. L’interesse per le espressioni delle culture popolari può essere sia un’indagine scientifica che un atto politico-culturale. L’analisi delle dinamiche dell’oralità e della narrazione contribuisce alla comprensione della complessità delle culture umane e alla conservazione delle tradizioni nel contesto in evoluzione dei cambiamenti sociali, tecnologici e culturali. In definitiva, la tesi si propone di analizzare in modo approfondito le dinamiche dell’oralità, della narrazione e della trasmissione orale nelle culture tradizionali, esaminando le connessioni tra linguaggio, musica e performance. Tra gli aspetti peculiari della tesi emerge anche una proposta di condivisione online sulla piattaforma ArcGis del materiale orale. La condivisione di canti popolari sulla piattaforma ArcGIS consente di documentare e preservare le espressioni culturali orali, accessibili a un pubblico globale (studiosi, ricercatori e istituzioni), aprendo opportunità per lo studio comparativo delle tradizioni orali e delle pratiche musicali. La possibilità di eseguire analisi spaziali, temporal-geografiche e interconnettive può rivelare modelli, tendenze e correlazioni tra diverse tradizioni culturali e musicali e consente di confrontare le similitudini e le differenze nelle tradizioni. Una banca dati messa a disposizione dei centri di ricerca, delle scuole, delle istituzioni culturali e delle organizzazioni che possono utilizzare in tempo reale i materiali condivisi per la didattica sulla diversità culturale e musicale.
Raccontare e ricordare. Oralità tra canto e parola. Umbria, Calabria: un’ipotesi di Corpus
LAMANNA, Antonio
2024
Abstract
The doctoral thesis proposes an investigation into the mnemonic techniques used in traditional songs orally transmitted and the dynamics of oral transmission and narration, exploring their reciprocal connections. To achieve this, a vast linguistic-musical corpus representing the narrative genres of the oral tradition in Central and Southern Italy was created. The materials were collected through field surveys and digital archives. The main objective is to understand how singers compose, learn, and transmit oral songs in the impromptu context of performances. The anthropological approach adopts a study perspective open to linguistic-semiotic aspects. The interest in orality highlights the primarily oral nature of language, recognizing a substantial difference between oral and written linguistic varieties. Oral narration presents unique issues, such as the use of multiple expressive codes, the participatory dimension of performances, and the crucial role of memory. The study methodology is based on theoretical reflections by scholars like Eric A. Havelock, Walter J. Ong, Milman Parry, and Albert B. Lord, who examined the dynamics of orality and writing. Studies on oral tradition in various cultures, including those by Ruth Finnegan and John Foley, have contributed to understanding the cultural context and challenges in interpreting oral works. The analysis focuses on the formulaic theory developed by Milman Parry and Albert B. Lord, which highlighted the use of fixed formulas and mnemonic techniques in oral compositions. This study has opened new perspectives on the scientific approach to oral literature. It also explores the interaction between orality and writing in the Western musical tradition. Italian ethnomusicology has documented a rich panorama of popular musical expressions, studied in relation to historical-cultural and political changes. Interest in these expressions is both scientific and political-cultural. The investigation underscores the importance of narrative genres and different expressive modalities in the context of performances. Additionally, extraverbal aspects such as proxemics and kinesics in narrative communication are considered. Throughout the research, the importance of the cultural and historical context in analyzing oral performances is recognized. The approach views narrating as a process of constructing world models and cultural organization, thus reflecting the complexity of communities and their perspectives. The analysis of oral tradition musical performances suggests that singing and other types of narration are not based on modern creative imagination but result from the interaction between the singer, the audience, and the memory of the songs. This process creates a unique connection between the performer and the audience, blurring the boundaries between who sings and who listens. Another focal point is the use of mnemonic techniques and fixed formulas. These strategies facilitate the memorization and transmission of oral narratives, enabling performers to quickly recall acquired knowledge. The research identifies the crucial role of memory in orality and the transmission of traditions. The research approach not only examines existing forms of narration but also explores the interactions between different media and expressive codes, such as dance, singing, and acting. This complex framework highlights how each medium adds a unique contribution to the overall meaning of the work, reflecting the richness of human communication. Finally, the thesis acknowledges the role of ethnomusicology and studies on oral tradition in the broader cultural context. The interest in popular cultural expressions can be both a scientific inquiry and a political-cultural act. The analysis of the dynamics of orality and narration contributes to understanding the complexity of human cultures and preserving traditions in the evolving context of social, technological, and cultural changes. Ultimately, the thesis aims to thoroughly analyze the dynamics of orality, narration, and oral transmission in traditional cultures, examining the connections between language, music, and performance. Among the peculiar aspects of the thesis, there is also a proposal to share oral material online on the ArcGIS platform. Sharing popular songs on the ArcGIS platform allows for documenting and preserving oral cultural expressions, accessible to a global audience (scholars, researchers, and institutions), opening opportunities for the comparative study of oral traditions and musical practices. The ability to perform spatial, temporal-geographical, and interconnective analyses can reveal patterns, trends, and correlations among different cultural and musical traditions and allows for comparing similarities and differences in traditions. A database made available to research centers, schools, cultural institutions, and organizations can use the shared materials in real-time for teaching about cultural and musical diversity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/160621
URN:NBN:IT:UNISTRAPG-160621