The objective of this research is to analyze the musical high school within the Italian educational system, aiming to search for meaning for musical culture in the slippery field of upper secondary school. The work is structured in three distinct parts. From a methodological point of view, therefore, the sectors of history were chosen as starting points: the history of the school, as an institutional place of knowledge, and the history of music teaching in Italian secondary schools, read as a progression of directives and field choices whose motivations embrace the more general history of music, the integrative background of the examination carried out here. For this reason, the first part of the research aims to restore the overall panorama of the study of music in Italian secondary schools by reconstructing the reasons for its disappearance, from its absence in the stainless Gentile tradition to the continuous lack of a unitary reorganization. The most incisive perspectives are clearly highlighted by the index in its crucial moments: the Brocca projects, Berlinguer's work in the reform of the conservatories and academies (law 508/99) and in the reorganization of the cycles, its consequences in the Gelmini reform. The intention was to expand the rules to read the imagined trajectories for secondary musical education by questioning both the normative sources (parliamentary works) and the public debate around the start of the new high schools (national newspapers, scientific pedagogical articles, musicological and music pedagogy reviews from both conservatories and universities). The historical examination ends with the results of the MIUR investigations carried out within the national reports of 2014 and 2016 which closed the framework around the state of the art of high schools. The second part of the work aims to read the legislative source on a new light: identify problems and difficult dynamics that develop in the musical school due to its structure and functioning. The widespread intention aims to expand the law to read, within its framework, the reasons for the cultural isolation of musical education in contemporary schools. This section therefore carries out a detailed narrative that does not want to leave behind any aspect of the work of teachers, managers, and students in the daily life of the musical high school (school-conservatory conventions, entrance exams, competencies curriculum exams, final exams). In fact, during the research we were able to understand how this high school is unknown to most people, marginally treated by public opinion and difficult to accept in the relationship with university and conservatoires. For both relations we have attempted to reconstruct the connections, mostly historically based, which make it difficult to build a vertical curriculum and integrate musical instruction into the more general framework of education. The third part presents the interdisciplinary approach in the intent to overcome the structural problems underlined in the previous two. A review on interdisciplinarity in secondary schools is presented with the help of the Reggio Approach, Bruner’s learning theories, Della Casa/La Face study on formative functions of music and complexity paradigm. Methodological and didactical questions so presented open a space to develop the diffusion of musical culture above the specific lyceum and in the general framework of upper secondary schools.
Obiettivo di questa ricerca è quello di analizzare il liceo musicale all’interno del sistema formativo italiano, ambendo alla ricerca di senso per la cultura musicale nello scivoloso campo della scuola secondaria superiore. Dal punto di vista metodologico, quindi, sono stati eletti a punti di partenza i settori della storia: quello della storia della scuola, intesa come luogo istituzionale del sapere e quello della storia dell’insegnamento della musica nella scuola secondaria italiana letta come procedere di direttive e scelte di campo le cui motivazioni abbracciano la più generale storia della musica che è sfondo integratore della disamina qui svolta. Per questo motivo la prima parte della ricerca ambisce a restituire il panorama complessivo dello studio della musica nella scuola secondaria italiana ricostruendo le ragioni della sua scomparsa, dall’assenza nell’inossidabile tradizione gentiliniana alla continua mancanza di una riorganizzazione unitaria. Le prospettive più incisive sono vistosamente segnalate dall’indice nei suoi momenti cruciali: i progetti Brocca, l’operato Berlinguer nella riforma dei conservatori e delle accademie (legge 508/99) e nella riorganizzazione dei cicli, le sue conseguenze nella riforma Gelmini. L’intenzione è stata quella di dilatare le norme per leggervi le traiettorie immaginate per l’istruzione musicale secondaria andando ad interrogare tanto le fonti normative (audizioni ed interrogazioni parlamentari) quanto il dibattito pubblico attorno all’avvio dei nuovi licei (quotidiani nazionali, riviste scientifiche pedagogiche, musicologiche e della pedagogia musicale sia dei conservatori che delle università). La disamina storica termina con la presentazione dei risultati delle indagini MIUR svolte in seno ai rapporti nazionali del 2014 e del 2016 che sono andati a chiudere la cornice attorno allo stato dell’arte dei licei. La seconda parte della ricerca intende illustrare i meccanismi specifici di funzionamento del liceo musicale entrando più nel vivo della quotidianità delle scuole (convenzioni scuola-conservatorio, esami di ammissione, esami di stato, certificazione delle competenze). Da queste letture risulta la complessità e la specificità di funzionamento dei meccanismi istituzionali, burocratici, didattici ed organizzativi che ruotano attorno al lavoro dei licei. Per condurre una linea unitaria di riflessione è stato quindi necessario illuminare la ‘filiera formativa’, cioè il più generale rapporto con le scuole medie, ‘ad indirizzo’ e non, i nuovi conservatori riformati quali momento di frattura con l’istruzione pubblica e l’università nella sua veste di formazione del pubblico e degli insegnanti. Al termine di questa seconda parte le ragioni dell’isolamento culturale della musica nella cultura italiana appaiono connotate in senso storico, scolastico e normativo. Il panorama così delineato non apre a reali misure risolutive ma evidenzia un destino segnato e compiutosi. La terza parte del lavoro vuole fornire perciò delle riflessioni che possono introdurre preziose ricette mitigatrici dell’oblio delineato. Si tratta di una prospettiva pedagogica costruttivista che poggia su un approccio interdisciplinare e che contempera da una parte le riflessioni di Della Casa, La Face e Bruner e, d’altro lato, la preziosa visione sull’educazione del Reggio Approach. Risorse e strumenti metodologici non ambiscono ad indicare soluzioni definitive ma suggeriscono una via per sviluppare la diffusione della cultura musicale nello specifico del liceo e mutuabile nel più generale contesto della scuola secondaria appoggiandosi alla riflessione sulle funzioni formative (Della Casa/La Face Bianconi).
Il liceo musicale nella filiera formativa: identità, nodi e prospettive
TUCCI, GIULIA
2024
Abstract
The objective of this research is to analyze the musical high school within the Italian educational system, aiming to search for meaning for musical culture in the slippery field of upper secondary school. The work is structured in three distinct parts. From a methodological point of view, therefore, the sectors of history were chosen as starting points: the history of the school, as an institutional place of knowledge, and the history of music teaching in Italian secondary schools, read as a progression of directives and field choices whose motivations embrace the more general history of music, the integrative background of the examination carried out here. For this reason, the first part of the research aims to restore the overall panorama of the study of music in Italian secondary schools by reconstructing the reasons for its disappearance, from its absence in the stainless Gentile tradition to the continuous lack of a unitary reorganization. The most incisive perspectives are clearly highlighted by the index in its crucial moments: the Brocca projects, Berlinguer's work in the reform of the conservatories and academies (law 508/99) and in the reorganization of the cycles, its consequences in the Gelmini reform. The intention was to expand the rules to read the imagined trajectories for secondary musical education by questioning both the normative sources (parliamentary works) and the public debate around the start of the new high schools (national newspapers, scientific pedagogical articles, musicological and music pedagogy reviews from both conservatories and universities). The historical examination ends with the results of the MIUR investigations carried out within the national reports of 2014 and 2016 which closed the framework around the state of the art of high schools. The second part of the work aims to read the legislative source on a new light: identify problems and difficult dynamics that develop in the musical school due to its structure and functioning. The widespread intention aims to expand the law to read, within its framework, the reasons for the cultural isolation of musical education in contemporary schools. This section therefore carries out a detailed narrative that does not want to leave behind any aspect of the work of teachers, managers, and students in the daily life of the musical high school (school-conservatory conventions, entrance exams, competencies curriculum exams, final exams). In fact, during the research we were able to understand how this high school is unknown to most people, marginally treated by public opinion and difficult to accept in the relationship with university and conservatoires. For both relations we have attempted to reconstruct the connections, mostly historically based, which make it difficult to build a vertical curriculum and integrate musical instruction into the more general framework of education. The third part presents the interdisciplinary approach in the intent to overcome the structural problems underlined in the previous two. A review on interdisciplinarity in secondary schools is presented with the help of the Reggio Approach, Bruner’s learning theories, Della Casa/La Face study on formative functions of music and complexity paradigm. Methodological and didactical questions so presented open a space to develop the diffusion of musical culture above the specific lyceum and in the general framework of upper secondary schools.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/165946
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-165946