The simulation of bubble column reactors under industrial operating conditions is an exciting challenge. The main objective of this work is to predict the bubble size, in turn interconnected to the reactor hydrodynamic conditions, with computational models, by modelling bubble breakage and coalescence. Experimental data is collected for model validation, including bubble size measurements with an innovative cross-correlation technique. Experiments are carried out with tap water and demineralized water, with or without the addition of ethanol, and gathered results show that additives reduce coalescence and lower the mean bubble size. Two different spargers are used, in order to decouple the investigation of breakage and coalescence. The experimental data set is used to validate out unsteady three-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian CFD simulations. A drag law for oblate bubbles is considered, together with a swarm factor, that accounts for the swarm effect. Several turbulence models are tested. The contribution of bubble induced turbulence (BIT) to scalar mixing is assessed. To predict bubble size, a population balance model is coupled to the hydrodynamic model and is solved with the quadrature method of moments. A set of breakage and coalescence kernels is proposed, capable of predicting the bubble size for different operating conditions. Scale-up effects are also investigated.
La simulazione di colonne a bolle in condizioni industriali è un problema di grande rilevanza. L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è prevedere con modelli computazionali la dimensione delle bolle, legata alla fluidodinamica dei reattori, considerando i fenomeni di rottura e di coalescenza. La validazione del modello è effettuata tramite il confronto con dati sperimentali appositamente raccolti, tra cui la dimensione delle bolle, ottenuta con un’innovativa tecnica di cross-correlazione. Gli esperimenti effettuati con acqua parzialmente contaminata e con acqua demineralizzata con l’eventuale aggiunta di etanolo, mostrano che gli additivi riducono la coalescenza e diminuiscono la dimensione media delle bolle. Sono stati inoltre utilizzati negli esperimenti con due sparger diversi, per disaccoppiare lo studio di rottura e coalescenza. I dati sperimentali sono stati utilizzati per convalidare simulazioni CFD 3D transitorie Euleriane-Euleriane. Il modello per la forza di trascinamento è corretto da un fattore di swarm per considerare l’effetto delle interazioni tra le bolle. Sono stati testati diversi modelli di turbolenza, nonché il contributo delle bolle sulla miscelazione degli scalari. Per prevedere la dimensione delle bolle, è stato utilizzato un bilancio di popolazione risolto con il metodo di quadratura dei momenti. Nella presente tesi viene proposto un set di kernel di rottura e coalescenza per prevedere le dimensioni delle bolle in diverse condizioni operative, considerando anche gli effetti dello scale-up.
Modelling of the hydrodynamics of bubble columns using a two-fluid model coupled with a population balance approach
GEMELLO, LUCA
2018
Abstract
The simulation of bubble column reactors under industrial operating conditions is an exciting challenge. The main objective of this work is to predict the bubble size, in turn interconnected to the reactor hydrodynamic conditions, with computational models, by modelling bubble breakage and coalescence. Experimental data is collected for model validation, including bubble size measurements with an innovative cross-correlation technique. Experiments are carried out with tap water and demineralized water, with or without the addition of ethanol, and gathered results show that additives reduce coalescence and lower the mean bubble size. Two different spargers are used, in order to decouple the investigation of breakage and coalescence. The experimental data set is used to validate out unsteady three-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian CFD simulations. A drag law for oblate bubbles is considered, together with a swarm factor, that accounts for the swarm effect. Several turbulence models are tested. The contribution of bubble induced turbulence (BIT) to scalar mixing is assessed. To predict bubble size, a population balance model is coupled to the hydrodynamic model and is solved with the quadrature method of moments. A set of breakage and coalescence kernels is proposed, capable of predicting the bubble size for different operating conditions. Scale-up effects are also investigated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/167812
URN:NBN:IT:POLITO-167812