This research explores the transformations of the peasantry and the evolutions of agriculture through a comparative study of agricultural co-operatives in Italy and France during the first half of the twentieth century. The origins and development of co-operatives at the national level are analyzed on the basis of multiple spaces and temporalities, but always in connection with transformations in the primary sector. Used by poor peasants as a means of self-organization, and by governments as an instrument of social control, the evolutions of co-operatives highlight an unquestionable capacity to adapt to shifting opportunities and constraints. I start by analysing the diffusion of co-operatives using collective tenant farming in the latifundia-dominated grain-producing regions of central Sicily. This specific case helps us to illustrate a broader set of relationships between peasants and collective organisations. A comparative approach is included through a comparative analysis of labour and production co-operatives in agriculture. The analytical framework that comes out of this research is then applied to Italy and to France. Finally, more systematic comparisons are made through an analysis of long term quantitative, geographical and institutional evolutions of agricultural co-operation in both countries. I am subsequently able to create the basis for a general model whose purpose is to understand the complex relations between peasants, co-operatives and the broader transformations of agriculture.
L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è lo studio delle trasformazioni del mondo contadino e dell’agricoltura attraverso l’analisi comparata della storia del movimento cooperativo agricolo in Italia ed in Francia nella prima metà del Novecento. Le origini e la progressiva diffusione del fenomeno a livello nazionale sono osservate a partire dalle loro differenti manifestazioni spazio-temporali, ma con la preoccupazione costante di metterle in relazione con le evoluzioni del settore primario. Al contempo mezzo di autonoma organizzazione al servizio dei contadini e strumento di controllo da parte delle autorità, le cooperative mostrano nel corso della loro storia un’indiscutibile capacità di adattamento in funzione delle opportunità e dei vincoli definiti dal contesto. Le ricerche si concentrano innanzi tutto sulla diffusione delle affittanze collettive nei latifondi della Sicilia cerealicola: si tratta di un caso specifico, tuttavia esemplificativo del rapporto tra contadini e forme associative. L’analisi delle cooperative agricole di lavoro e produzione permette il progressivo superamento della dimensione strettamente nazionale. Le esperienze italiane in materia e l’«assenza» francese sono così studiate a partire da una medesima griglia di osservazione. La dimensione comparativa diviene poi sistematica nel quadro di un’osservazione di lungo periodo delle evoluzioni a livello quantitativo, geografico ed istituzionale della cooperazione agricola nei due Paesi. Le analisi precedenti costituiscono infine la base per un tentativo di generalizzazione e di sistematizzazione delle complesse interazioni che caratterizzano il rapporto tra contadini, cooperative e trasformazioni dell’agricoltura.
Coopérer pour travailler la terre, coopérer pour exploiter la terre : Itinéraires comparés des coopératives agricoles en Italie et en France dans la première moitié du vingtième siècle
MIGNEMI, NICCOLO'
2012
Abstract
This research explores the transformations of the peasantry and the evolutions of agriculture through a comparative study of agricultural co-operatives in Italy and France during the first half of the twentieth century. The origins and development of co-operatives at the national level are analyzed on the basis of multiple spaces and temporalities, but always in connection with transformations in the primary sector. Used by poor peasants as a means of self-organization, and by governments as an instrument of social control, the evolutions of co-operatives highlight an unquestionable capacity to adapt to shifting opportunities and constraints. I start by analysing the diffusion of co-operatives using collective tenant farming in the latifundia-dominated grain-producing regions of central Sicily. This specific case helps us to illustrate a broader set of relationships between peasants and collective organisations. A comparative approach is included through a comparative analysis of labour and production co-operatives in agriculture. The analytical framework that comes out of this research is then applied to Italy and to France. Finally, more systematic comparisons are made through an analysis of long term quantitative, geographical and institutional evolutions of agricultural co-operation in both countries. I am subsequently able to create the basis for a general model whose purpose is to understand the complex relations between peasants, co-operatives and the broader transformations of agriculture.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/172009
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-172009