Background: Despite its widely documented health benefits, the adherence to the traditional Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MDP) has been rapidly declining over the last decades, especially in Mediterranean countries. However, the information on the prevalence of adherence to the MDP in Northern Italy is scarce. In addition, since 2010 no study has reported data concerning trend of adherence to the MDP. Aim: The present study aimed i) to identify the factors associated to the adherence to the MDP and ii) to investigate the trends of food consumption from 2010 to 2015 in large cohort of subjects living in Northern Italy. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 7430 subjects enrolled from 2010 to 2015 at International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), University of Milan, was conducted. A trained interviewer collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits. Anthropometrical measurements were taken by a trained dietitian. A 14-item questionnaire was used to evaluate the adherence to the MDP. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence and prevalence ratios of adherence to the MDP and to its individual components Results: The overall prevalence of adherence to the MDP in Northern Italy was 14%. Being older, married, ex-smoker and physically active increased the probability of accordance of the own dietary pattern to the MDP. On the contrary, being obese decreased the probability. The trend of adherence to the MDP did not change during the last five years. However, we observed an intensive increment of the consumption of nuts and a slight increment of white meat consumption. On the other hand, we observed a decrement in the consumption of fruit, sweets and carbonated beverages and in the use of soffritto. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors, nutritional status and lifestyle are associated with adherence to the MDP. In the last five years, in Northern Italy, some food food changes suggested an improvement of diet quality, but other changes suggested the opposite. So much so that the prevalence of adherence to the MDP did not change. Additional strategies will be need to promote healthy dietary habits, especially among subjects at risk for poor-diet quality.
Introduzione: Nonostante i suoi documentati effetti sulla salute, l’aderenza alla dieta Mediterranea (MDP) è rapidamente diminuita durante le ultime decadi, specialmente nei paesi dal bacino Mediterraneo. Tuttavia, le informazioni circa la prevalenza di aderenza alla MDP nel Nord Italia sono scarse. Inoltre, dal 2010 nessuno studio ha riportato dati riguardanti i trends di aderenza alla MDP. Scopo: Questo studio aveva lo scopo di: i) identificare I fattori associati all’aderenza alla MDP e ii) valutare I trends di consumo degli alimenti dal 2010 al 2015 in una ampia coorte di soggetti viventi nel Nord Italia. Metodi: Conducemmo uno studio cross-sectional su 7430 soggetti reclutati dal 2010 al 2015 presso l’International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Università degli Studi di Milano. Un intervistatore addestrato collezionò i dati riguardanti le caratteristiche socio-anagrafiche e lo stile di vita dei soggetti reclutati. Una dietista professionista prese le misure antropometriche. Un questionario da 14 domande fu utilizzato per valutare l’aderenza alla MDP. La regressione di Poisson è stata utilizzata per stimare le prevalenze di aderenza alla MDP e ai singoli componenti. Resultati: La prevalenza complessiva di aderenza alla MDP nel Nord Italia era del 14%. Essere più anziani, sposati, ex fumatori e fisicamente attivi aumentava la probabilità di aderenza alla MDP. Al contrario, essere obesi diminuiva la probabilità. Il trend di aderenza alla MDP non cambiò durante i 5 anni. Tuttavia, osservammo un intenso aumento del consumo di frutta secca e un leggero incremento del consumo di carne bianca. Dall’altra parte, osservammo una diminuzione del consumo di frutta, dolci e bevande gassate e nell’uso del soffritto. Conclusioni: I fattori socio anagrafici, di stato nutrizionale e di stile di vita sono associati all’aderenza alla MDP. Negli ultimi 5 anni, nel Nord Italia, alcuni cambianti alimentari suggerivano un miglioramento della qualità dietetica, ma altri cambiamenti suggerivano l’opposto. Tant’è vero che l’aderenza alla MDP rimase costante. Ulteriori strategie saranno necessarie per promuovere le buone abitudini alimentari, specialmente tra i soggetti a rischio per una bassa qualità dietetica.
ADHERENCE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIETARY PATTERN IN NORTHERN ITALY: DETERMINANTS AND TRENDS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION FROM 2010 TO 2015
LEONE, ALESSANDRO
2017
Abstract
Background: Despite its widely documented health benefits, the adherence to the traditional Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MDP) has been rapidly declining over the last decades, especially in Mediterranean countries. However, the information on the prevalence of adherence to the MDP in Northern Italy is scarce. In addition, since 2010 no study has reported data concerning trend of adherence to the MDP. Aim: The present study aimed i) to identify the factors associated to the adherence to the MDP and ii) to investigate the trends of food consumption from 2010 to 2015 in large cohort of subjects living in Northern Italy. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 7430 subjects enrolled from 2010 to 2015 at International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), University of Milan, was conducted. A trained interviewer collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits. Anthropometrical measurements were taken by a trained dietitian. A 14-item questionnaire was used to evaluate the adherence to the MDP. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence and prevalence ratios of adherence to the MDP and to its individual components Results: The overall prevalence of adherence to the MDP in Northern Italy was 14%. Being older, married, ex-smoker and physically active increased the probability of accordance of the own dietary pattern to the MDP. On the contrary, being obese decreased the probability. The trend of adherence to the MDP did not change during the last five years. However, we observed an intensive increment of the consumption of nuts and a slight increment of white meat consumption. On the other hand, we observed a decrement in the consumption of fruit, sweets and carbonated beverages and in the use of soffritto. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors, nutritional status and lifestyle are associated with adherence to the MDP. In the last five years, in Northern Italy, some food food changes suggested an improvement of diet quality, but other changes suggested the opposite. So much so that the prevalence of adherence to the MDP did not change. Additional strategies will be need to promote healthy dietary habits, especially among subjects at risk for poor-diet quality.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/173418
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-173418