Progettazione di un sistema costruttivo multifunzionale di copertura per la protezione e la valorizzazione di siti archeologici. Studio metodologico per la risposta integrata a esigenze complesse

Archeaological sites are an important part of the cultural heritage of mankind. They may assume either the appearance of the ’monument’ — such as the world-famous palace or city or place — or of the ’trace’ — that is the everyday pottery of a familiy — but they both have a value. However, preserving their fabric is not enough for their conservation, an activity which depends on the transmission of a message about their importance and meaning for today’s everyday life. In situ conservation, provided it is possible and sensible according to the site’s conditions, is considered the best option to convey the message in the most complete and direct way. However,thisimpliestocopewithrisksandproblems,suchastheerectionofasiteshelter, which do not exist if the same objetcs are moved to the museum. Only a few, among the countless examples built on archeological sites, offer a real protection to the materials or a real support to the display of the site and even lesser an effective combination of the two. The lack of assessment criteria is also an obstacle to the definition of a shared design procedure. This thesis offers a methodology for the interpretation, reconstruction and display of the Roman house in ancient Italy, in the specific version of the pompeian atrium house finalized to the definition of a new type of archaeological shelters. In relation to the risk assessment of archeological materials preserved in situ and to an evaluation of existing archaeological shelters according to the environmental and architectural criteria, a scheme of design guidelines is proposed. These guidelines are used for the selection and adaption to the archaeological sites of existing techincal solutions, in order to guarantee availability and to reduce costs. Finally, existing building materials relates with the Roman house through the geometric schemes recognizable in it. The whole procedure, parametrically translated, is implemented into a ’visual algorythm’ to explore the many possibilites exisisting even in a, apparently limited, case, such as the archaeological town of Pompeii. The research ends with the application of the most effective solution to the reconstruction of a part of the domus above the Sarno Baths complex in the regio VII of Pompeii.