The exaltation of the dichotomous aspect of time, divided between work and leisure time, has led to obscure reproductive, domestic, educational and assistance work, but also to ignore the work of school and professional training; just as it has deprived of legal relevance the times forcibly linked to work, such as those of the journey from home to the workplace or the time dedicated to work, in addition to the scheduled time, in creative and responsible work. In this dynamic, paid time has represented a masculine time par excellence to which women have had to adapt if they wanted to take part in it on an equal footing. This approach, both in the organization of work and in the rules that regulate its functioning, is still strongly present in our system today. Starting from these considerations, the thesis aims instead to take an approach that puts the subject at the center, enhancing the concept of time of the person, in a perspective that is not linked only to productive needs, but that gives value to the human person and his relationships as such. Dwelling first on the search for a legal anchorage within the Constitution at the time of the person, the emphasis was subsequently placed on the most recent developments in Europe with respect to the chosen theme, in particular on the failure of attempts to rewrite the directive on working hours, on the additional role played by the Court of Justice in the reinterpretation of existing legislation and on the emphasis attributed by European governance to issues relating to family care and assistance. The topic was then framed with respect to the internal perspective of the national system. The reference legislation on working hours was analyzed to underline the approach mainly aimed at defending temporal flexibility in the interest of the employer, who has a strong power to decide and vary the location of the service. It was therefore reasoned on the need, also in the perspective of support and enhancement of the initiatives applicable collectively, of a legislative intervention, aimed at attributing subjective rights in favor of workers over the temporal organization, which prevail over the interest economic activity of the company, if they detect particular needs of the person linked to fundamental rights and values that find constitutional legal recognition. Finally, the main legal solutions pursued so far, and still widely practicable, for the creation of new balances between the efficient management of the organization of the company and greater self-control by the single worker and the single worker were described and analyzed in a problematic key.
L’esaltazione dell’aspetto dicotomico del tempo, diviso tra tempo di lavoro e tempo libero, ha portato ad oscurare il lavoro riproduttivo, domestico, educativo e di assistenza, ma anche ad ignorare il lavoro di formazione scolastica e professionale; così come ha privato di rilevanza giuridica i tempi forzosamente legati al lavoro, come quelli del tragitto di percorrenza dall’abitazione al luogo di lavoro oppure i tempi dedicati al lavoro, oltre all’orario previsto, nei lavori di creatività e di responsabilità. Il tempo remunerato ha in questa dinamica rappresentato un tempo maschile per eccellenza a cui le donne si sono dovute adeguare qualora hanno voluto prendervi parte su un piano paritario. Questa impostazione, tanto nell’organizzazione del lavoro quanto nelle norme che ne regolano il funzionamento, è ancora oggi fortemente presente nel nostro sistema. Partendo da queste considerazioni, la tesi mira invece ad assumere un approccio che metta al centro il soggetto, valorizzando il concetto di tempo della persona, in una prospettiva che non sia legata unicamente alle esigenze produttive, ma che dia valore alla persona umana e alle sue relazioni in quanto tali. Soffermandosi dapprima sulla ricerca di un ancoraggio giuridico all’interno della Costituzione al tempo della persona, si è quindi posto l’accento sugli sviluppi più recenti intervenuti in ambito europeo rispetto al tema prescelto, in particolare sul fallimento dei tentativi di riscrittura della direttiva sull’orario di lavoro, sul ruolo suppletivo svolto dalla Corte di Giustizia nella reintepretazione della normativa esistente e sul risalto attribuito dalla governance europea alle questioni inerenti la cura e l’assistenza familiare. Il tema è stato poi inquadrato rispetto alla prospettiva interna all’ordinamento nazionale. Si è analizzata la normativa di riferimento in tema di orario di lavoro per sottolinearne l’approccio prevalentemente preposto alla difesa della flessibilità temporale nell’interesse del datore, che detiene un forte potere di decidere e di variare la collocazione della prestazione. Si è quindi ragionato sulla necessità, anche nella prospettiva di sostegno e valorizzazione delle iniziative applicabili in sede collettiva, di un intervento legislativo, finalizzato all’attribuzione di diritti soggettivi in favore delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori sull’organizzazione temporale, che prevalgano sull’interesse economico dell’impresa, qualora rilevino particolari esigenze della persona legate a diritti e valori fondamentali che trovano riconoscimento giuridico costituzionale. Infine, sono state descritte e analizzate in chiave problematica le principali soluzioni giuridiche finora perseguite, e ancora ampiamente percorribili, per la realizzazione di nuovi equilibri tra la gestione efficiente dell’organizzazione dell’impresa e un maggiore autocontrollo, da parte della singola lavoratrice e del singolo lavoratore, sulla dimensione temporale della propria prestazione lavorativa.
La dimensione soggettiva del lavoro nel tempo della persona
COPPOLA, FRANCESCA
2021
Abstract
The exaltation of the dichotomous aspect of time, divided between work and leisure time, has led to obscure reproductive, domestic, educational and assistance work, but also to ignore the work of school and professional training; just as it has deprived of legal relevance the times forcibly linked to work, such as those of the journey from home to the workplace or the time dedicated to work, in addition to the scheduled time, in creative and responsible work. In this dynamic, paid time has represented a masculine time par excellence to which women have had to adapt if they wanted to take part in it on an equal footing. This approach, both in the organization of work and in the rules that regulate its functioning, is still strongly present in our system today. Starting from these considerations, the thesis aims instead to take an approach that puts the subject at the center, enhancing the concept of time of the person, in a perspective that is not linked only to productive needs, but that gives value to the human person and his relationships as such. Dwelling first on the search for a legal anchorage within the Constitution at the time of the person, the emphasis was subsequently placed on the most recent developments in Europe with respect to the chosen theme, in particular on the failure of attempts to rewrite the directive on working hours, on the additional role played by the Court of Justice in the reinterpretation of existing legislation and on the emphasis attributed by European governance to issues relating to family care and assistance. The topic was then framed with respect to the internal perspective of the national system. The reference legislation on working hours was analyzed to underline the approach mainly aimed at defending temporal flexibility in the interest of the employer, who has a strong power to decide and vary the location of the service. It was therefore reasoned on the need, also in the perspective of support and enhancement of the initiatives applicable collectively, of a legislative intervention, aimed at attributing subjective rights in favor of workers over the temporal organization, which prevail over the interest economic activity of the company, if they detect particular needs of the person linked to fundamental rights and values that find constitutional legal recognition. Finally, the main legal solutions pursued so far, and still widely practicable, for the creation of new balances between the efficient management of the organization of the company and greater self-control by the single worker and the single worker were described and analyzed in a problematic key.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/174945
URN:NBN:IT:UNISI-174945