The context in which this work of thesis has been carried out is related to the pursuit of the adequate conditions for the achievement of a control self-assembly of Au NPs. For the purpose, the interactions among functional Au NPs have been studied both in organic and in aqueous environment. In the first case, a preliminary screening of synthetic procedures for the preparation of Au NPs protected by dodecanethiolates with narrow size distribution has been performed, followed by several attempts of controlled functionalization of the so-prepared Au NPs with terpyridine-terminating ligands, which were the responsible for the interactions among the NPs in organic media, triggered by metal ions coordination. The outcomes from the self-assembly process have been analysed by means of UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), evidencing indeed the formation of large aggregates without precise order in the cases where large amount of terpyridine-terminating ligands were employed for the functionalization of the Au NPs. Concerning the study of the interactions in aqueous environment, water-soluble mixed-monolayer (MM) Au NPs protected by blends of fluorinated and hydrogenated ligands were taken into account. The interesting feature of these NPs was related to the fact that there are some evidences that the arrangement of the fluorinated domains on the gold surface resembled a tetrahedral organization, as suggested by Small Angle Neutron Scattering Spettroscopy measurements, making them suitable substrates for the formation of superstructures with defined geometry. These NPs were made interact with MM Au NPs possessing fluorinated domains or tails so to exploit fluorophilic interactions for producing the superstructures. Cryo-TEM and High-Resolution TEM were employed for studying the results from the self-assembly of these MM Au NPs. Finally, MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry experiments on batches of MM Au NPs protected by mixture of fluorinated and hydrogenated amphiphilic thiolates were performed in order to exploit the potentialities and the points of strength of the technique for characterizing mixed monolayers, grafted onto the surface of Au NPs, containing fluorinated species, in terms of both composition and morphology. The outcomes highlighted the criticality of the approach in analysing fluorinated Au NPs, which underwent desorption of ligands from the gold surface instead of the expected desorption of gold-ligand complexes, hampering their characterization.
Il contesto di questo lavoro è correlato alla ricerca di condizioni opportune per il raggiungimento di un autoassemblaggio controllato di nanoparticelle d'oro. Per tale scopo, le interazioni tra nanoparticelle funzionalizzate sono state studiate sia in ambiente organico che in ambiente acquoso. Nel primo caso, è stato condotto un vaglio preliminare delle procedure per la preparazione di nanoparticelle protette da dodecantiolati caratterizzate da ridotta distribuzione delle dimensioni, seguito da tentativi per la funzionalizzazione controllata delle nanoparticelle mediante leganti terminanti con terpiridina, responsabili delle interazioni delle nanoparticelle innescate dall'aggiunta di ioni metallici. I risultati ottenuti dal processo di autoassemblaggio sono stati analizzati mediante spettroscopia UV-Visibile e microscopio elettronico a trasmissione, mettendo in luce la formazione di aggregati estesi senza ordine preciso nei casi in cui una considerevole quantità di leganti recanti terpiridina sono stati impiegati per la funzionalizzazione delle nanoparticelle. Lo studio delle interazioni in ambiente acquoso ha visto protagoniste nanoparticelle d'oro solubili in acqua protette da un monostrato misto formato da miscele di leganti fluorurati e idrogenati. La caratteristica interessante di queste nanoparticelle consiste nella particolare disposizione dei domini fluorurati sulla superficie d'oro; vi sono alcune analisi eseguite mediante spettroscopia SANS in merito a tale disposizione che evidenziano un'organizzazione tetraedrica dei domini fluorurati. Questa particolare caratteristica rende tali nanoparticelle dei substrati adatti per la formazione di sovrastrutture dalla geometria definita. Sono stati condotti studi sulle interazioni di tali nanoparticelle con nanoparticelle dal monostrato misto recante domini o code fluorurati, in modo tale da sfruttare interazioni fluorofiliche per produrre le sovrastrutture. I risultati sono stati analizzati mediante microscopia crioelettronica a trasmissione e ad alta risoluzione. Infine, la tecnica di spettrometria MALDI-TOF è stata impiegata per l'analisi di campioni di nanoparticelle d'oro dal monostrato misto composto da miscele di tiolati anfifilici idrogenati e fluorurati. I risultati hanno evidenziato gli aspetti più critici della tecnica nell'analisi di nanoparticelle fluorurate, i cui leganti desorbono direttamente dalla superficie di oro anziché desorbire come complessi oro-leganti.
Study of the Interactions among Functional Gold Nanoparticles for Controlled Self-Assembly
RONCHESE, PAOLO
2020
Abstract
The context in which this work of thesis has been carried out is related to the pursuit of the adequate conditions for the achievement of a control self-assembly of Au NPs. For the purpose, the interactions among functional Au NPs have been studied both in organic and in aqueous environment. In the first case, a preliminary screening of synthetic procedures for the preparation of Au NPs protected by dodecanethiolates with narrow size distribution has been performed, followed by several attempts of controlled functionalization of the so-prepared Au NPs with terpyridine-terminating ligands, which were the responsible for the interactions among the NPs in organic media, triggered by metal ions coordination. The outcomes from the self-assembly process have been analysed by means of UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), evidencing indeed the formation of large aggregates without precise order in the cases where large amount of terpyridine-terminating ligands were employed for the functionalization of the Au NPs. Concerning the study of the interactions in aqueous environment, water-soluble mixed-monolayer (MM) Au NPs protected by blends of fluorinated and hydrogenated ligands were taken into account. The interesting feature of these NPs was related to the fact that there are some evidences that the arrangement of the fluorinated domains on the gold surface resembled a tetrahedral organization, as suggested by Small Angle Neutron Scattering Spettroscopy measurements, making them suitable substrates for the formation of superstructures with defined geometry. These NPs were made interact with MM Au NPs possessing fluorinated domains or tails so to exploit fluorophilic interactions for producing the superstructures. Cryo-TEM and High-Resolution TEM were employed for studying the results from the self-assembly of these MM Au NPs. Finally, MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry experiments on batches of MM Au NPs protected by mixture of fluorinated and hydrogenated amphiphilic thiolates were performed in order to exploit the potentialities and the points of strength of the technique for characterizing mixed monolayers, grafted onto the surface of Au NPs, containing fluorinated species, in terms of both composition and morphology. The outcomes highlighted the criticality of the approach in analysing fluorinated Au NPs, which underwent desorption of ligands from the gold surface instead of the expected desorption of gold-ligand complexes, hampering their characterization.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/177213
URN:NBN:IT:UNITS-177213