The Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established by Mary McLeod Bethune among African-American administrators appointed in the New Deal to provide a forum for political discussion and to impact the administration’s agenda. In 1936, Bethune started to envision the Federal Council on Negro Affairs as a pressure group that could influence both Roosevelt and public opinion on African-American emancipation, with a clear intention of making this institutional network even wider and more inclusive. This group, more popularly known as the Black Cabinet, started a discussion with white and black national leaders about civil rights, upward-mobility and individual empowerment and it was able to acquire a leading role in the redefinition of the importance of race in the New Deal. This unique governmental body did not have any political affiliation or official recognition; in fact, the seven years’ activity of the Black Cabinet represented a “unicum” in the African-American political and institutional experience. The Federal Council on Negro Affairs was able to present a political perspective that New Deal administrators had to face during the second half of the Thirties and the Second World War, thanks to the strategical and powerful role of Bethune. She held a leading position in the government as Director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration and she was able to affect Roosevelt’s opinions on racial emancipation through her intimate and longstanding friendship with the first-lady. The Federal Council on Negro Affairs’ significance relied upon exchanges between formal and informal political power, official and personal relations, public and private discussion with FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt, administrators, civil rights organizations. These formal and informal networks were expressly sought by Bethune and they permitted to Black Cabinet members to work so closely with civil rights leaders even during protests against the administration, inspired by segregation, lynchings and civil rights. The informal power, the dialogue with the public opinion, the inclusive and transformative style Bethune wanted to adopt echoed many qualities and assets of the female activism that had shaped her leadership role. Indeed, she successfully reassigned these typical methodologies to the institutional environment – unrelated and new to black women – and shaped an original case study for the role of African-American women in decision-making processes.
Il Federal Council on Negro Affairs fu fondato da Mary McLeod Bethune per radunare gli amministratori afroamericani coinvolti nel New Deal, con l’obiettivo di organizzare uno spazio di discussione politica e influenzare l’agenda dell’amministrazione. Nel 1936, Bethune cominciò a ideare il Federal Council on Negro Affairs come gruppo di pressione che potesse allo stesso tempo influenzare Roosevelt e l’opinione pubblica sull’emancipazione degli afroamericani, con il chiaro obiettivo di rendere questo network istituzionale ancora più ampio e inclusivo. Il gruppo, più conosciuto come Black Cabinet, avviò una discussione con i leader nazionali bianchi e afroamericani riguardo diritti civili, upward-mobility ed empowerment individuale e fu in grado di acquisire una posizione primaria nella ridefinizione dell’importanza dei temi razziali all’interno del New Deal. Questo singolare corpo politico fu privo di qualsiasi affiliazione politica e di riconoscimento ufficiale. Infatti, i sette anni di attività del Black Cabinet rappresentarono un unicum per l’esperienza politica e istituzionale degli afroamericani. Il Federal Council of Negro Affairs fu in grado di presentare una prospettiva politica che gli amministratori newdealisti furono costretti ad affrontare tra la seconda metà degli anni Trenta e la Seconda guerra mondiale, grazie alla posizione strategica e influente di Bethune. Infatti, rivestì un ruolo di rilievo all’interno dell’amministrazione come direttrice della Division of Negro Affairs della National Youth Administration e fu in grado di influenzare le posizioni di Roosevelt riguardo l’emancipazione razziale anche grazie alla sua intima e lunga amicizia con Eleanor Roosevelt. L’importanza del Federal Council on Negro Affairs si basò sulle sfumature tra il potere politico formale e informale, le relazioni ufficiali e personali, gli scambi pubblici e privati con FDR, la first-lady, gli amministratori, i movimenti di emancipazione. Questi networks formali e informali furono espressamente ricercati da Bethune e permisero ai membri del Black Cabinet di lavorare da vicino con i leader dei movimenti di emancipazione anche in episodi di protesta contro l’amministrazione e legati alla segregazione, al linciaggio e ai diritti civili. Il potere informale, il dialogo con l’opinione pubblica, lo stile inclusivo e trasformativo che Bethune volle adottare richiamavano molti aspetti e tratti dell’attivismo femminile in cui si era formato il suo stile di leadership. Infatti, Bethune riassegnò con successo queste tipiche metodologie all’ambiente istituzionale – nuovo per le donne nere – e forgiò un caso originale per lo studio del ruolo delle donne afroamericane nei processi di decision-making.
Un comitato informale nell'amministrazione Roosevelt. Il Federal Council on Negro Affairs e la leadership di Mary McLeod Bethune (1936-1943)
MOGOROVICH, ANNALISA
2017
Abstract
The Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established by Mary McLeod Bethune among African-American administrators appointed in the New Deal to provide a forum for political discussion and to impact the administration’s agenda. In 1936, Bethune started to envision the Federal Council on Negro Affairs as a pressure group that could influence both Roosevelt and public opinion on African-American emancipation, with a clear intention of making this institutional network even wider and more inclusive. This group, more popularly known as the Black Cabinet, started a discussion with white and black national leaders about civil rights, upward-mobility and individual empowerment and it was able to acquire a leading role in the redefinition of the importance of race in the New Deal. This unique governmental body did not have any political affiliation or official recognition; in fact, the seven years’ activity of the Black Cabinet represented a “unicum” in the African-American political and institutional experience. The Federal Council on Negro Affairs was able to present a political perspective that New Deal administrators had to face during the second half of the Thirties and the Second World War, thanks to the strategical and powerful role of Bethune. She held a leading position in the government as Director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration and she was able to affect Roosevelt’s opinions on racial emancipation through her intimate and longstanding friendship with the first-lady. The Federal Council on Negro Affairs’ significance relied upon exchanges between formal and informal political power, official and personal relations, public and private discussion with FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt, administrators, civil rights organizations. These formal and informal networks were expressly sought by Bethune and they permitted to Black Cabinet members to work so closely with civil rights leaders even during protests against the administration, inspired by segregation, lynchings and civil rights. The informal power, the dialogue with the public opinion, the inclusive and transformative style Bethune wanted to adopt echoed many qualities and assets of the female activism that had shaped her leadership role. Indeed, she successfully reassigned these typical methodologies to the institutional environment – unrelated and new to black women – and shaped an original case study for the role of African-American women in decision-making processes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/177737
URN:NBN:IT:UNITS-177737