"Rinvio reciproco e separazione in ogni tempo". La questione ebraica come questione della filosofia.

The theoretical task of the present work consists in the inquiry of the ‘Jewish Question’. This notion, extremely rich in meanings and nuances, can be referred to several issues: from the tragedy of Shoah up to the contemporary conflict between Palestinians and the State of Israel. Nevertheless this work tries to develop it in a specific way: ‘Jewish Question’ is here interpreted as implying the relationship between Judaism and Christianity, and in particular the connection existing between the two figures of the Synagogue and the Ekklesia (the Church). The question that sustains this work can be summarized in this way: how do Christianity and Judaism look like, once they are brought back to the ‘Jewish Question’? That is to say: what does it mean to radically think the Jewish Christian nexus from a philosophical point of view? The working hypothesis consists in reading this nexus starting from the notion of aporia: a constitutive and unsolvable contradiction is at work between the Synagogue and the Ekklesia. If it is true – in fact – that Judaism is the un-avoidable root of Christianity, it seems not less true that Judaism itself embodies a petition, which puts Christianity into question. In other words, Christianity finds in Judaism its own essential condition as well as its necessary ‘enemy’. The nexus between the Synagogue and the Ekklesia is then an aporetical one. At least two implications follow this aporia: 1. The ‘Jewish Question’ is, first of all, a question for Christianity, put into question once it is brought back to its constitutive relation with Judaism; 2. Christianity is detracted from every declination in the nomenclature of identity. In the aporetic space opened by the contradiction of the ‘Jewish Question’, Christianity finds its own constitutive incompleteness and impossibility to fully correspond to itself. This represents a crucial aspect of the ‘Jewish Question’: it is, paradoxically, a question of, as well as a question for, Christianity. The implications of the ‘Jewish Question’ are decisive from the political point of view too. The notions of identity and belonging are, in fact, directly implied in the nexus between the Synagogue and the Ekklesia. With those notions, the concepts of community, justice, the ‘other’ and hospitality are, as well, called into question and re-shaped. The work tries to analyze those political consequences of the Jewish-Christian nexus. The work, finally, is structured around eight key words, through which it tries to bring into light and underline crucial theoretical knots of the ‘Jewish Question’. The words are: TESTAMENTO, ESCLUSIONE, NEMICO, PROFETA, CRISTIANESIMO, CIRCONCISONE, CONVERSIONE and POLITICA MESSIANICA. For each of these words, a different philosopher or theologian has been interrogated.