MARÍA ZAMBRANO. L’AVVENTURA DI ESSERE FILOSOFA: PENSIERO E AZIONE.

The lively interest , recorded in Italy, particularly in the last three decades, for the philosophical thought of María Zambrano is the main reason of this work. Within the considerable existing literature , we propose a critical analysis of zambranian thought starting from his early writings. In the Spanish thought of the twentieth century Zambrano marks one of the most original trajectories and, perhaps, is one of the European philosophers who still continue to arouse intense interest , judging by the many theses, research and translations of his works. Crucial is the criticism that she moves to the Western philosophical tradition and to discursive and systematic reason of philosophers. Paradigmatic is , among other things , his invitation to practice a thought that reveal the fallacies of the philosophical tradition . In her view, it has to be redefined the philosophical status in order to accept another model of reason . An example is what she proposes with the poetic reason . It is not just reason, and not just poetry , as it is both reason and poetry. This research is divided into two parts. In the first, the attention is focused in particular on the crucial decade for Spanish history , which goes from 1928 to 1939 . This leads , to orient ourselves in more detail, about the beginnings of the poetic and philosophical thought of María Zambrano , from his studies in Madrid with José Ortega y Gasset and Manuel García Morente , Xavier Zubiri and J. Besteiro , from his contacts with the most important Spanish poets such as Antonio Machado, Emilio Prados, Miguel Hernandéz , its political and cultural relations as , for example, university associations . The second part of this research will show , however, through some paradigmatic testimonials those visible and indelible footsteps of a generation in crisis , in fact , of the Generación of Toro . This research also has two methodological requirements . Since doctoral work on Spinoza , never-ended and that, though, she summarized in a manuscript and in a meaningful article , we highlight some of the most relevant theoretical nodes of the reading of the author. In this sense , it is useful to recall , too, the complex relationship with Ortega, careful student of the philosophy of Spinoza and Spanish politics , through some of the letters that Zambrano sends in the Thirties. It is also interesting to recall his civil and political commitment , which began even before the advent of the " primoriverist " dictatorship and that marks , in fact, an important stage of her philosophical critique . Which is also crucial to reconstruct , historically , youth movements and student associations in this context that helped to accelerate the process of a political-cultural modernization of the Iberian Peninsula.