Building on Lithuanian and Italian vocational education and training (VET) curriculum enactment cases the thesis offers fresh perspective on contemporality and relevance of competence-based (CB) curriculum for VET practice and VET learners, its’ defining elements and possible variations at theoretical-conceptual and governing-regulatory levels. CB curriculum model is applied in many countries’ education systems and is considered to be particularly relevant in VET systems. By playing its role in developing ‘competent’ graduates in line with labor market needs, VET establishes itself as an increasingly important part of skill formation system. At the same time, the ‘competence’ term and, consequently, approaches to CB education are challenged by scholars and practitioners, who also question the value of the approach. Transformation of competence construct and its fluctuation between orientation at concrete narrow work tasks and broader holistic competence, need to be acknowledged too. In this context, the research aims at revealing and comparing the processes of competence-based VET curriculum enactment and its problematic areas in the VET systems of Lithuania and Italy. The research also explores changes in the work of vocational teachers and trainers brought by implementation of the competence-based VET curricula and illuminates personal implications of these changes for vocational teachers and trainers’ identity and competence needs. This comparative research focuses on school-based systems which may struggle to provide rich and meaningful workplace curriculum being crucial for learners’ competence development. To explore the educational phenomenon in a natural setting qualitative research paradigm was applied. The research was structured in three stages: comparative analysis of competence-based VET curriculum reforms and vocational teachers and trainers training institutional framework, comparative empirical research of CB curriculum enactment and identification of methodological and institutional factors necessary for professional development of vocational teachers and trainers. The research data was drawn from three main sources: academic literature review, analysis of policy, governing and practice level documents and comparative empirical research of CB curriculum enactment. In the latter data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by applying a qualitative content analysis method. The empirical research is based on 48 interviews with vocational teachers and trainers and administration staff in Lithuania and in Italy. The research allowed to conceptualize the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of CB curriculum enactment processes in the context of overall skill formation system and under influences of external, organizational and individual constraining and facilitating factors. The curriculum enactment has emerged as a relational and dynamic process consisting of a complex pattern of teachers and trainers’ activities starting with interpretation and translation of intended curriculum goals and finalizing with assessment of learners’ competence achieved with collaborative enactment emerging as the core curriculum principle and transformation. It also uncovered how differently teachers’ agency manifests in regard to curriculum enactment.
Basandosi su casi di implementazione del curricolo di Istruzione e Formazione Professionale (IeFP) in Lituania e in Italia, la tesi offre una nuova prospettiva sulla contemporaneità e sulla rilevanza del curricolo basato sulle competenze (competence-based curriculum) per la pratica della IeFP e per gli studenti, sui suoi elementi definitori e sulle possibili variazioni a livello teorico-concettuale e normativo-governativo. Il modello di curricolo basato sulle competenze è applicato nei sistemi educativi di molti Paesi ed è considerato particolarmente rilevante nei sistemi di IeFP. Svolgendo il proprio ruolo nello sviluppo di qualificati e diplomati “competenti” in linea con le esigenze del mercato del lavoro, l'IeFP si afferma come parte sempre più importante del sistema di formazione delle abilità (skill formation system). Allo stesso tempo, il termine “competenza” e, di conseguenza, gli approcci all'educazione basati sulle competenze sono messi in discussione da accademici e professionisti, che ne mettono in dubbio anche il valore. È necessario riconoscere anche la trasformazione del costrutto di competenza e la sua fluttuazione tra l'orientamento a compiti lavorativi concreti e ristretti e un’idea olistica, di raggio più ampio, di competenza. In questo contesto, la ricerca mira a far emergere e mettere a confronto i processi dell’attuazione (enactment) del curricolo IeFP basato sulle competenze e le sue aree di problematicità nei sistemi IeFP di Lituania e Italia. La ricerca prevede anche l'esplorazione dei cambiamenti nel lavoro degli insegnanti e dei formatori professionali legati all’implementazione dei curricula IeFP basati sulle competenze, rivelando le implicazioni di questi cambiamenti per l'identità e le necessità di competenza degli insegnanti e dei formatori. Questa ricerca comparativa si concentra sui sistemi scolastici che possono avere difficoltà a fornire un curricolo ricco e significativo sul posto di lavoro, aspetto fondamentale per lo sviluppo delle competenze degli studenti. Per esplorare il fenomeno educativo in un contesto naturale è stato usato un paradigma di ricerca qualitativa. La ricerca è stata strutturata in tre fasi: 1. analisi comparativa delle riforme del curricolo IeFP basato sulle competenze e del quadro istituzionale della formazione degli insegnanti e dei formatori professionali; 2. ricerca empirica comparativa della messa in atto del curricolo IeFP; 3. identificazione dei fattori metodologici e istituzionali necessari per lo sviluppo professionale degli insegnanti e dei formatori professionali. I dati della ricerca sono stati ricavati da tre fonti principali: la revisione della letteratura scientifica, l'analisi di documenti di orientamento politico e normativo, documenti di livello amministrativo e di livello pratico e la ricerca empirica comparativa sull'attuazione del curricolo basato sulle competenze. In quest'ultima i dati sono stati raccolti utilizzando interviste semi-strutturate e analizzati applicando il metodo dell'analisi qualitativa del contenuto (qualitative content analysis). La ricerca empirica si basa su 48 interviste a insegnanti e formatori professionali e al personale amministrativo in Lituania e in Italia. La ricerca ha permesso di concettualizzare il “cosa” e il “come” dei processi di attuazione del curricolo basato sulle competenze nel contesto del sistema complessivo di formazione delle competenze, nonchè l'influenza di fattori esterni, organizzativi e individuali che limitano e facilitano questa attuazione. L'attuazione del curricolo è emersa come un processo relazionale e dinamico che consiste in un complesso schema di attività da parte di insegnanti e formatori che inizia con l'interpretazione e la traduzione degli obiettivi curricolari previsti e termina con la valutazione delle competenze degli studenti e con l'attuazione collaborativa che emerge come principio e trasformazione centrale del curricolo stesso. La ricerca ha infine rivelato come l' agentività degli insegnanti si manifesti in modo diverso in relazione all'attuazione del curricolo.
Competence-based VET curriculum enactment and its implications for vocational teachers and trainers’ practices and competence in Italy and Lithuania
VAITKUTE, LINA
2023
Abstract
Building on Lithuanian and Italian vocational education and training (VET) curriculum enactment cases the thesis offers fresh perspective on contemporality and relevance of competence-based (CB) curriculum for VET practice and VET learners, its’ defining elements and possible variations at theoretical-conceptual and governing-regulatory levels. CB curriculum model is applied in many countries’ education systems and is considered to be particularly relevant in VET systems. By playing its role in developing ‘competent’ graduates in line with labor market needs, VET establishes itself as an increasingly important part of skill formation system. At the same time, the ‘competence’ term and, consequently, approaches to CB education are challenged by scholars and practitioners, who also question the value of the approach. Transformation of competence construct and its fluctuation between orientation at concrete narrow work tasks and broader holistic competence, need to be acknowledged too. In this context, the research aims at revealing and comparing the processes of competence-based VET curriculum enactment and its problematic areas in the VET systems of Lithuania and Italy. The research also explores changes in the work of vocational teachers and trainers brought by implementation of the competence-based VET curricula and illuminates personal implications of these changes for vocational teachers and trainers’ identity and competence needs. This comparative research focuses on school-based systems which may struggle to provide rich and meaningful workplace curriculum being crucial for learners’ competence development. To explore the educational phenomenon in a natural setting qualitative research paradigm was applied. The research was structured in three stages: comparative analysis of competence-based VET curriculum reforms and vocational teachers and trainers training institutional framework, comparative empirical research of CB curriculum enactment and identification of methodological and institutional factors necessary for professional development of vocational teachers and trainers. The research data was drawn from three main sources: academic literature review, analysis of policy, governing and practice level documents and comparative empirical research of CB curriculum enactment. In the latter data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by applying a qualitative content analysis method. The empirical research is based on 48 interviews with vocational teachers and trainers and administration staff in Lithuania and in Italy. The research allowed to conceptualize the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of CB curriculum enactment processes in the context of overall skill formation system and under influences of external, organizational and individual constraining and facilitating factors. The curriculum enactment has emerged as a relational and dynamic process consisting of a complex pattern of teachers and trainers’ activities starting with interpretation and translation of intended curriculum goals and finalizing with assessment of learners’ competence achieved with collaborative enactment emerging as the core curriculum principle and transformation. It also uncovered how differently teachers’ agency manifests in regard to curriculum enactment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/183099
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVR-183099