This thesis aims to explore the differences in the re-use of assets confiscated from mafias between northern and southern Italy, with a particular focus on Lecco and Bari. It begins by drawing a distinction between the terms ‘mafia’ and ‘mafias’, highlighting the variety and complexity of Italian criminal organisations. The terms ‘mafia’, ‘mafias’ and ‘organised crime’ are often confused, but it is important to distinguish between them in order to fully understand the complexity of the criminal phenomenon in Italy. While the term ‘mafia’ often refers to the criminal organisation originating in Sicily, with national and international ramifications, the term ‘mafia’ collectively refers to the various mafia-type criminal organisations present in different regions of Italy. These organisations are involved in a wide range of illicit activities such as drug and arms trafficking, money laundering, extortion and corruption, and exercise significant control over political and economic activities. Among the various factors identified as contributing to the expansion of the mafia in Italy, corruption, the limited availability of economic opportunities, the fragility of institutions and the lack of transparency in the management of property all feature prominently. Although Italy's anti-Mafia legislation is among the most incisive in the world, its implementation is often slowed down by bureaucratic and procedural challenges. Confiscating the assets of mafia clans is a crucial measure in the fight against organised crime. However, the process of confiscating and socially re-using these assets can be lengthy and complex. Despite these challenges, the social reuse of confiscated assets helps to reclassify and add value to territories, transforming criminal areas into economic and cultural resources. In this way, spaces that were once illicit become licit places, contributing to social and economic well-being. The research focuses on the social reuse of confiscated properties in Lecco and Bari, analysing the disparities in procedures and projects between northern and southern Italy. It examines the complex relationship between illegally occupied spaces, requalification policies, institutions and social dynamics. The research explores the ways in which confiscated property is distributed, participation in tenders to obtain it for social purposes, the accessibility of procedures and the challenges faced by cooperatives and associations, linked to issues of timing and cohabitation between mafia power and legal power. The research highlights the importance of collaboration between associations and cooperatives in social reuse, promoting an appropriate transformation of territories. The comparative analysis between Lecco and Bari highlights the similarities and differences in the incidence and impact of organised crime: the infiltration of the ‘ndrangheta in Lecco and the presence of criminal groups in Bari highlight the need for a coordinated response from the authorities. Despite geographical and socio-cultural differences, the two cities face similar challenges in relation to organised crime. Understanding criminal dynamics and cooperation between authorities are essential to counter the infiltration of criminal organisations and promote the social re-use of confiscated assets. It is interesting to note that social reuse not only counters the presence of the mafia, but also intervenes in areas that are often neglected, facilitating the link between citizens and institutions. We would like to stress the importance of cooperation between institutional authorities, associations and citizens to ensure effective management of confiscated property and promote the social and economic well-being of the communities concerned.
Questa tesi vuole esplorare le differenze nel riuso dei beni confiscati alle mafie tra il Nord e il Sud Italia, con un focus specifico su Lecco e Bari. Inizia delineando la distinzione tra i termini mafia e mafie sottolineando la varietà e la complessità delle organizzazioni criminali italiane. L'uso dei termini mafia, mafie e criminalità organizzata viene spesso confuso, ma è importante distinguerli tra loro per comprendere appieno la complessità del fenomeno criminale in Italia. Mentre spesso mafia si riferisce all'organizzazione criminale originaria della Sicilia con ramificazioni nazionali e internazionali, mafie indica collettivamente le diverse organizzazioni criminali di stampo mafioso presenti in varie regioni italiane. Queste organizzazioni sono coinvolte in una vasta gamma di attività illecite quali traffico di droga e armi, riciclaggio di denaro, estorsione e corruzione ed esercitano un significativo controllo sulle attività politiche ed economiche. L'espansione della mafia è favorita da numerosi fattori come la corruzione, la limitata disponibilità di opportunità economiche e la fragilità delle istituzioni. Anche se la legislazione antimafia italiana è tra le più incisive a livello internazionale, la sua attuazione è spesso rallentata da sfide burocratiche e procedurali. La confisca dei beni dei clan mafiosi rappresenta un'importante misura nella lotta contro il crimine organizzato, tuttavia il processo di confisca e riutilizzo sociale dei beni confiscati può essere lungo e complesso. Nonostante ciò il riuso sociale dei beni confiscati consente la riqualificazione e la valorizzazione dei territori, trasformando gli spazi criminali in risorse economiche e culturali. La ricerca si concentra sul riutilizzo sociale dei beni confiscati a Lecco e Bari, analizzando le disparità nelle procedure e progetti tra Nord e Sud Italia. Viene analizzato il complesso rapporto tra spazi occupati illegalmente, le politiche di riqualificazione, le relazioni tra le istituzioni e i portatori d’interesse e le dinamiche sociali. L'indagine esplora le modalità di distribuzione dei beni confiscati, la partecipazione al bando per ottenerli a fini sociali, l'accessibilità delle procedure e le sfide affrontate dalle cooperative e dalle associazioni, legate alle problematiche relative alle tempistiche e alla coabitazione tra potere mafioso e potere legale. La ricerca sottolinea l'importanza della collaborazione tra associazioni, cooperative e istituzioni nel riuso sociale, promuovendo una trasformazione adeguata dei territori e la loro rigenerazione. L'analisi comparativa tra Lecco e Bari mette in luce le similitudini e le differenze nell'incidenza e nell'impatto della criminalità organizzata: l'infiltrazione della 'ndrangheta a Lecco e la presenza di gruppi criminali a Bari evidenziano la necessità di una risposta coordinata da parte delle autorità. Nonostante le diversità geografiche e socio-culturali, ambedue le città si trovano ad affrontare sfide simili legate al fenomeno del crimine organizzato. La comprensione delle dinamiche criminali e la collaborazione tra le autorità sono fondamentali per contrastare l'infiltrazione delle organizzazioni criminali e promuovere il riutilizzo sociale dei beni confiscati. È interessante notare che il riutilizzo sociale non solo contrasta la presenza della mafia, ma interviene anche su aree spesso trascurate, facilitando la connessione tra i cittadini e le istituzioni. Si desidera sottolineare l'importanza della cooperazione tra le autorità istituzionali, le associazioni e i cittadini per garantire una gestione efficace dei beni confiscati e per promuovere il benessere sociale ed economico delle comunità coinvolte.
IL RIUTILIZZO SOCIALE DEI BENI CONFISCATI AL CRIMINE ORGANIZZATO E LA RIQUALIFICATORE DEI TERRITORI. UNO STUDIO COMPARATO TRA LECCO E BARI.
PALERMO, CLAUDIA
2024
Abstract
This thesis aims to explore the differences in the re-use of assets confiscated from mafias between northern and southern Italy, with a particular focus on Lecco and Bari. It begins by drawing a distinction between the terms ‘mafia’ and ‘mafias’, highlighting the variety and complexity of Italian criminal organisations. The terms ‘mafia’, ‘mafias’ and ‘organised crime’ are often confused, but it is important to distinguish between them in order to fully understand the complexity of the criminal phenomenon in Italy. While the term ‘mafia’ often refers to the criminal organisation originating in Sicily, with national and international ramifications, the term ‘mafia’ collectively refers to the various mafia-type criminal organisations present in different regions of Italy. These organisations are involved in a wide range of illicit activities such as drug and arms trafficking, money laundering, extortion and corruption, and exercise significant control over political and economic activities. Among the various factors identified as contributing to the expansion of the mafia in Italy, corruption, the limited availability of economic opportunities, the fragility of institutions and the lack of transparency in the management of property all feature prominently. Although Italy's anti-Mafia legislation is among the most incisive in the world, its implementation is often slowed down by bureaucratic and procedural challenges. Confiscating the assets of mafia clans is a crucial measure in the fight against organised crime. However, the process of confiscating and socially re-using these assets can be lengthy and complex. Despite these challenges, the social reuse of confiscated assets helps to reclassify and add value to territories, transforming criminal areas into economic and cultural resources. In this way, spaces that were once illicit become licit places, contributing to social and economic well-being. The research focuses on the social reuse of confiscated properties in Lecco and Bari, analysing the disparities in procedures and projects between northern and southern Italy. It examines the complex relationship between illegally occupied spaces, requalification policies, institutions and social dynamics. The research explores the ways in which confiscated property is distributed, participation in tenders to obtain it for social purposes, the accessibility of procedures and the challenges faced by cooperatives and associations, linked to issues of timing and cohabitation between mafia power and legal power. The research highlights the importance of collaboration between associations and cooperatives in social reuse, promoting an appropriate transformation of territories. The comparative analysis between Lecco and Bari highlights the similarities and differences in the incidence and impact of organised crime: the infiltration of the ‘ndrangheta in Lecco and the presence of criminal groups in Bari highlight the need for a coordinated response from the authorities. Despite geographical and socio-cultural differences, the two cities face similar challenges in relation to organised crime. Understanding criminal dynamics and cooperation between authorities are essential to counter the infiltration of criminal organisations and promote the social re-use of confiscated assets. It is interesting to note that social reuse not only counters the presence of the mafia, but also intervenes in areas that are often neglected, facilitating the link between citizens and institutions. We would like to stress the importance of cooperation between institutional authorities, associations and citizens to ensure effective management of confiscated property and promote the social and economic well-being of the communities concerned.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/184565
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-184565