Tuning of self-growing natural composite materials using non-pathogenic fungal strains-towards 3D constructs

This PhD thesis investigates the utilization of non-pathogenic fungal strains for the development of self-growing natural composite materials, with a focus on their utilization as components of specific applications. The research explores the fundamental principles of fungal biology, materials science, and fabrication techniques to achieve precise control over the properties and shapes of these materials. In particular, it explores a novel approach for creating self-growing natural biocomposite materials through the combination of the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium with coffee silverskin grains. The growth conditions and parameters to tune the properties of the final products are optimized, and the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting biocomposites are evaluated, assessing also the feasibility of scaling up their production for practical applications. To achieve these objectives, we employed key methodologies capturing the isolation and cultivation of mycelium, the definition of growth conditions in the presence of the coffee silverskin that promotes faster self-assembly and structural integrity, and the characterization of resulting materials using advanced analytical techniques such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. We also conducted scalability studies to explore the potential for industrial applications. This research yielded several significant results, including the successful cultivation of the fungal strain capable of self-assembling into intricate 3D structures embedding the coffee silverskin grains, as well as, the potential of the resulting structures for use in specific applications such as sustainable construction, and biodegradable packaging. The findings of this research have far-reaching implications. The development of self-growing biocomposites using a non-pathogenic fungal strain offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional materials for defined applications. By harnessing the self-assembly capabilities of fungi, we can reduce the environmental footprint associated with traditional manufacturing processes and contribute to a more sustainable future. This work opens the door to innovative applications and translational fields that prioritize eco-consciousness and biocompatibility, aligning with the growing demand for greener and more sustainable solutions in various industries.