Several studies have shown that prosodic variation in Sicilian dialects is an area of particular interest; however, it has not received the attention it deserves so far. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the prosodic reality of the island from different perspectives: acoustic, perceptual, and contrastive. This work is distinguished by its broader geographical coverage, including a greater number of survey points than previous studies, and by ensuring that the samples from the informants are representative of their respective dialects. To address this issue, we adapted the methodology of the AMPER project to our research, using a corpus of 18 sentences in both Sicilian and regional Italian to also examine linguistic transfer between the different varieties. We collected samples from 21 survey points, resulting in a total of 32 informants and over 4,600 audio recordings. First, we processed the data for acoustic analysis using Praat software and various scripts. Next, we conducted a perceptual study through a questionnaire in which judges were asked to match the intonation of different recordings to various possible responses. Finally, we calculated the prosodic distance between these varieties using ProDis software. The results of the acoustic analysis highlight the interest of the intonation patterns in these dialects, particularly regarding absolute interrogative sentences, which exhibit very different tone patterns from one another. We observed two main dialectal groups, differentiated by the realization of absolute interrogatives. The first group corresponds to most of the Western varieties: Alcamo, Caltanissetta, Castelbuono, Marsala, Mazara del Vallo, Modica, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, Serradifalco, Siracusa, Termini Imerese, and Trapani. This group is characterized by an rising tone on the nucleus and a falling tone in the tail. Within this group, we distinguish two subgroups based on the realization of absolute interrogatives ending in oxytone words. While dialects such as Alcamo, Caltanissetta, Castelbuono, Mazara del Vallo, Modica, Serradifalco, and Termini Imerese exhibit truncation, not producing the final falling tone, dialects like Marsala, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, Siracusa, and Trapani apply a solution to tonal crowding by lengthening the final syllable, thus adding a mora on which to perform the final fall. The second major group corresponds to most of the Eastern varieties analyzed, such as Catania, Caltagirone, Enna, Lentini, and Paternò, where we observe a falling tone on the nucleus and an rising tone on the tail. In these varieties, we always observe the phenomenon of lengthening in sentences ending in oxytone words. Moreover, we have grouped the dialects from the province of Agrigento independently, as they do not exhibit the final falling tone found in the first group, nor do they realize a level final tone. Additionally, we found in the town of Corleone a distinct contour compared to the rest of the varieties, as it displays an rising tone aligned with the nucleus that continues in the post-tonic syllables. This proposed classification of the dialects was supported by the results of the perceptual and contrastive studies, as they show significant overlaps. On the other hand, we were able to confirm that prosodic transfer between regional Italian and Sicilian is minimal, as only five informants exhibited different contours. Furthermore, this transfer occurs in a bidirectional manner, with the interference of the local model in regional Italian being dominant, and the influence of other intonational models that the speaker unconsciously considers more standardized or neutral being rarer and more problematic.
Diversi studi hanno dimostrato che la variazione prosodica nei dialetti siciliani rappresenta un’area di particolare interesse; tuttavia, fino ad oggi non ha ricevuto l’attenzione che merita. Per questo motivo, l’obiettivo di questa tesi è offrire un’analisi esaustiva della realtà prosodica dell’isola da diverse prospettive: acustica, percettiva e contrastiva. Questo lavoro si distingue per l'ampliamento della copertura geografica, includendo un numero maggiore di punti di indagine rispetto agli studi precedenti e per aver considerato che i campioni degli informatori siano rappresentativi dei rispettivi dialetti. Per affrontare questa questione, abbiamo adattato la metodologia del progetto AMPER alla nostra ricerca, utilizzando un corpus letto di 18 frasi in siciliano e italiano regionale per esaminare anche il trasferimento linguistico tra le diverse varietà. Abbiamo raccolto campioni in 21 punti di indagine, ottenendo un totale di 32 partecipanti e oltre 4.600 registrazioni audio. In primo luogo, abbiamo elaborato i dati per l'analisi acustica utilizzando il programma Praat e diversi script; successivamente, abbiamo realizzato uno studio percettivo tramite un questionario in cui chiedevamo ai giudici di associare l'intonazione di diversi audio a varie risposte possibili e, infine, abbiamo calcolato la distanza prosodica tra queste varietà utilizzando il software ProDis. I risultati dell'analisi acustica evidenziano l’interesse dell’intonazione di questi dialetti, in particolare per quanto riguarda le frasi interrogative assolute, che presentano tonemi molto diversi tra loro. Abbiamo osservato che esistono due grandi gruppi dialettali, distinti dalla realizzazione delle interrogative assolute. Il primo gruppo coincide con la maggior parte delle varietà occidentali: Alcamo, Caltanissetta, Castelbuono, Marsala, Mazara del Vallo, Modica, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, Serradifalco, Siracusa, Termini Imerese e Trapani. Questo gruppo si caratterizza per un tono ascendente nel nucleo e discendente nella coda. Al suo interno distinguiamo due sottogruppi in base alla realizzazione delle interrogative assolute che terminano in parola ossitona, poiché, mentre nei dialetti come Alcamo, Caltanissetta, Castelbuono, Mazara del Vallo, Modica, Serradifalco e Termini Imerese si osserva il fenomeno di troncamento, ossia non realizzano l'ultimo tono discendente, in dialetti come Marsala, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, Siracusa e Trapani si applica come soluzione al tonal crowding l’allungamento dell'ultima sillaba, aggiungendo così una mora su cui realizzare il discorso finale. D’altra parte, il secondo grande gruppo coincide con la maggior parte delle varietà orientali analizzate, come Catania, Caltagirone, Enna, Lentini e Paternò, nelle quali si osserva un tono discendente nel nucleo e ascendente nella coda. Per queste varietà si osserva sempre il fenomeno dell’allungamento nelle frasi che terminano in parola ossitona. Inoltre, abbiamo raggruppato separatamente i dialetti della provincia di Agrigento, poiché non presentano l'ultimo tono discendente come nel primo gruppo o non realizzano un tono finale sospeso. Abbiamo inoltre trovato, nel comune di Corleone, un contorno distintivo rispetto al resto delle varietà, poiché presenta un tono ascendente allineato con il nucleo che continua nelle sillabe post-toniche. Questa proposta di classificazione dei dialetti è stata supportata dai risultati degli studi percettivi e contrastivi, poiché mostrano sovrapposizioni significative. D’altra parte, siamo riusciti a verificare che il trasferimento prosodico tra l'italiano regionale e il siciliano è minimo, poiché abbiamo osservato contorni differenti solo in cinque soggetti. Inoltre, tale trasferimento avviene in modo bidirezionale, essendo dominante l'interferenza del modello locale sull'italiano regionale e più rara e problematica l'influenza di altri modelli intonativi che il parlante considera, inconsciamente, più standardizzati o neutri.
La entonación de las variedades lingüísticas habladas en Sicilia: un enfoque contrastivo
TORRERO DIAZ, Rocio
2025
Abstract
Several studies have shown that prosodic variation in Sicilian dialects is an area of particular interest; however, it has not received the attention it deserves so far. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the prosodic reality of the island from different perspectives: acoustic, perceptual, and contrastive. This work is distinguished by its broader geographical coverage, including a greater number of survey points than previous studies, and by ensuring that the samples from the informants are representative of their respective dialects. To address this issue, we adapted the methodology of the AMPER project to our research, using a corpus of 18 sentences in both Sicilian and regional Italian to also examine linguistic transfer between the different varieties. We collected samples from 21 survey points, resulting in a total of 32 informants and over 4,600 audio recordings. First, we processed the data for acoustic analysis using Praat software and various scripts. Next, we conducted a perceptual study through a questionnaire in which judges were asked to match the intonation of different recordings to various possible responses. Finally, we calculated the prosodic distance between these varieties using ProDis software. The results of the acoustic analysis highlight the interest of the intonation patterns in these dialects, particularly regarding absolute interrogative sentences, which exhibit very different tone patterns from one another. We observed two main dialectal groups, differentiated by the realization of absolute interrogatives. The first group corresponds to most of the Western varieties: Alcamo, Caltanissetta, Castelbuono, Marsala, Mazara del Vallo, Modica, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, Serradifalco, Siracusa, Termini Imerese, and Trapani. This group is characterized by an rising tone on the nucleus and a falling tone in the tail. Within this group, we distinguish two subgroups based on the realization of absolute interrogatives ending in oxytone words. While dialects such as Alcamo, Caltanissetta, Castelbuono, Mazara del Vallo, Modica, Serradifalco, and Termini Imerese exhibit truncation, not producing the final falling tone, dialects like Marsala, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, Siracusa, and Trapani apply a solution to tonal crowding by lengthening the final syllable, thus adding a mora on which to perform the final fall. The second major group corresponds to most of the Eastern varieties analyzed, such as Catania, Caltagirone, Enna, Lentini, and Paternò, where we observe a falling tone on the nucleus and an rising tone on the tail. In these varieties, we always observe the phenomenon of lengthening in sentences ending in oxytone words. Moreover, we have grouped the dialects from the province of Agrigento independently, as they do not exhibit the final falling tone found in the first group, nor do they realize a level final tone. Additionally, we found in the town of Corleone a distinct contour compared to the rest of the varieties, as it displays an rising tone aligned with the nucleus that continues in the post-tonic syllables. This proposed classification of the dialects was supported by the results of the perceptual and contrastive studies, as they show significant overlaps. On the other hand, we were able to confirm that prosodic transfer between regional Italian and Sicilian is minimal, as only five informants exhibited different contours. Furthermore, this transfer occurs in a bidirectional manner, with the interference of the local model in regional Italian being dominant, and the influence of other intonational models that the speaker unconsciously considers more standardized or neutral being rarer and more problematic.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/190156
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPA-190156