This PhD thesis aims to analyse the directors’ civil liability in “società per azioni” (public companies limited by shares) and “società a responsabilità limitata” (private limited companies) to individual shareholders or third parties directly damaged by the directors’ negligent or intentional acts, pursuant to Articles 2395 and 2476, paragraph 7, of the Italian Civil Code. First of all, the traditional issues concerning the rationales, the protected interests and the area of compensation are examined. Then, attention is paid to the evolution of the scope of such rules. Artt. 2395 and 2476, par. 7, C.C. are evaluated as instruments of private enforcement of the new directors’ duties on corporate sustainability due diligence and reporting. The thesis consists in justifying Artt. 2395 and 2476, paragraph 7 C.C. on the ground of the corporate structure. Such mandatory rules are functional to recognize and limit the recovery of the single shareholder’s and third party’s loss, in order to preserve the principles of limited liability of the company and centralized management towards the board of directors. This is argued in the light of the letter, history, legal framework and comparative study of Artt. 2395 and 2476 C.C., as well as case law and doctrinal contributions relating to these rules. The study is qualified by the method of investigation and by the reconstructive results. On one hand, the research integrates the theoretical analysis with the applicative one. On the other one, it leads to assessing Artt. 2395 and 2476, par. 7, C.C. by moving from the management duty breached better than from the loss suffered by the shareholder or the third party. This point of view is developed with regard to the “no reflective loss” cases considered most problematic and new and distinguishing between closed, group, listed and financial company models. The same approach helps to highlighting the main management rules affecting the ‘individual’ and ‘external’ interests and to specifying the boundaries of the directors' civil liability with respect to the specific categories of shareholders and stakeholders and in relation to the different, concrete corporate types and dynamics.
La tesi di dottorato ha, quale oggetto e finalità, lo studio della responsabilità civile degli amministratori di s.p.a. e s.r.l. nei confronti del singolo socio o del terzo direttamente danneggiati da atti colposi o dolosi degli stessi amministratori, ai sensi degli artt. 2395 e 2476, comma 7, c.c. La prospettiva coltivata è duplice. Si approfondiscono, innanzitutto, le questioni interpretative e applicative tradizionalmente dibattute riguardanti le ragioni, le posizioni giuridiche protette e il perimetro del danno risarcibile. Si verifica e specifica, poi, l’evoluzione dell’àmbito delle norme citate quali strumenti di “private enforcement” nell’ordinamento italiano dei nuovi doveri di gestione adeguata, diligente e sostenibile dell’impresa in forma capitalistica, anche a tutela dei diritti e interessi umani, ambientali, sociali e di “governance”. La tesi di fondo consiste nel cogliere e valorizzare lo specifico fondamento societario degli artt. 2395 e 2476, comma 7, c.c.: funzionale al riconoscimento e alla limitazione della tutela risarcitoria delle sfere individuali riferibili al socio e al terzo implicate dall’organizzazione e dall’attività imprenditoriali e declinato in conformità alle caratteristiche cardinali di s.p.a. e s.r.l. L’inquadramento delle norme nel sistema dei presidi imperativi sull’amministrazione e sul controllo dell’impresa viene argomentato alla luce della lettera, storia e collocazione, del confronto comparatistico, della casistica e delle decisioni giurisprudenziali nonché dei contributi dottrinali relativi agli artt. 2395 e 2476, comma 7, c.c. Lo studio si qualifica per il metodo d’indagine adottato, che integra l’analisi teorico-sistematica con quella applicativa; e per i risultati ricostruttivi raggiunti, che portano a valutare le disposizioni in commento muovendo dalla considerazione non del danno subìto dal socio o dal terzo ma della norma di gestione violata. Questa angolazione di analisi viene articolata e sviluppata, in particolare nell’ultima parte della ricerca, con riguardo alle fattispecie di danno diretto ritenute più problematiche e nuove e distinguendo tra modelli d’impresa chiusa, di gruppo, quotata e finanziaria. La stessa angolazione contribuisce a evidenziare i momenti principali dell’amministrazione delle società di capitali che possono incidere, pregiudicandole, sulle istanze individuali ed esterne e a precisare i confini della responsabilità risarcitoria degli amministratori nei confronti delle specifiche categorie di “shareholder” e “stakeholder” coinvolte e in relazione ai diversi, concreti assetti e dinamiche societari.
La responsabilità degli amministratori per danno diretto nelle società di capitali
ROSA, ALESSANDRA
2025
Abstract
This PhD thesis aims to analyse the directors’ civil liability in “società per azioni” (public companies limited by shares) and “società a responsabilità limitata” (private limited companies) to individual shareholders or third parties directly damaged by the directors’ negligent or intentional acts, pursuant to Articles 2395 and 2476, paragraph 7, of the Italian Civil Code. First of all, the traditional issues concerning the rationales, the protected interests and the area of compensation are examined. Then, attention is paid to the evolution of the scope of such rules. Artt. 2395 and 2476, par. 7, C.C. are evaluated as instruments of private enforcement of the new directors’ duties on corporate sustainability due diligence and reporting. The thesis consists in justifying Artt. 2395 and 2476, paragraph 7 C.C. on the ground of the corporate structure. Such mandatory rules are functional to recognize and limit the recovery of the single shareholder’s and third party’s loss, in order to preserve the principles of limited liability of the company and centralized management towards the board of directors. This is argued in the light of the letter, history, legal framework and comparative study of Artt. 2395 and 2476 C.C., as well as case law and doctrinal contributions relating to these rules. The study is qualified by the method of investigation and by the reconstructive results. On one hand, the research integrates the theoretical analysis with the applicative one. On the other one, it leads to assessing Artt. 2395 and 2476, par. 7, C.C. by moving from the management duty breached better than from the loss suffered by the shareholder or the third party. This point of view is developed with regard to the “no reflective loss” cases considered most problematic and new and distinguishing between closed, group, listed and financial company models. The same approach helps to highlighting the main management rules affecting the ‘individual’ and ‘external’ interests and to specifying the boundaries of the directors' civil liability with respect to the specific categories of shareholders and stakeholders and in relation to the different, concrete corporate types and dynamics.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/190337
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-190337