Beam dynamics of high brightness beams in RF photoinjectors

ntense electron beams with high luminosity, such as those generated by radio-frequency (RF) photoinjectors, facilitate cutting-edge applications in the production of photons and the operation of high-energy physics colliders. Notable examples of advanced applications in these fields include Free Electron Lasers (FELs), Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) sources, and high-luminosity linear electron-positron colliders. Such particle beams necessitate the simultaneous presence of high peak current...

Educazione all’aperto in contesti scolastici multiculturali: una ricerca esplorativa sulle opinioni di insegnanti, alunni e genitori

Il carattere inclusivo dell’Outdoor Education (OE), sia sul piano educativo sia su quello sociale, è attualmente scarsamente esplorato dalla ricerca empirica, che è ancora oggi assai limitata rispetto al ruolo che l’educazione all’aperto può svolgere nei processi di inclusione degli studenti e studentesse con background migratorio. Il presente studio si propone di contribuire a colmare tale lacuna, nel tentativo di comprendere in che modo l’OE, grazie alle sue caratteristiche peculiari, possa...

Analysis of digital media coverage of socio-environmental conflicts and activism in Chile through social media; three cases involving deceased activists (2016-2020)

Asymptotic analysis of semi-discrete models for crystal plasticity

In this thesis we study the asymptotic behavior of some variational models for crystal plasticity in the presence of dislocation defects. In the first part we prove a homogenization result, in terms of Γ-convergence, for energies concentrated on rectifiable lines in R3 without boundary. The result, whose two dimensional counterpart was proved by Conti, Garroni and Müller [24], shows that the line tension energy of unions of single line defects converges, in the limit of an infinite number of...

Deep learning emulation of physical processes in radiation therapy

Emerging and innovative approaches in Radiation Therapy (RT)—including microbeams, carbon ions, and FLASH-RT—have the potential to significantly improve cancer treatment, leading to substantial clinical and social impact. However, current methodologies for dose calculation and treatment optimization may slow down or limit the adoption of these new techniques. Deep Learning (DL), which has emerged over the past decade as a powerful tool capable of revolutionizing entire fields of study, hold...

Mass spectrometric studies of ionic reactions in confined volumes

Despite the widespread use of mass spectrometry as an analytical method, this technique was recently used also for synthetic purposes performing reactions that are often more efficient than the same processes in bulk. This advancement was made possible by the introduction of the electrospray ionization (ESI) source by Fenn, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2002. It has been observed that, when reagents are confined within ESI-generated charged microdroplets, various fundamental reactions ca...

Come ci vediamo e come ci vedono gli altri. Un’analisi empirica sulla rappresentazione dell’expertise sociologica in contesti di crisi

L’elaborato propone uno studio sulle rappresentazioni delle funzioni della sociologia e di come viene percepito il ruolo del sociologo, in qualità di esperto, in contesti di crisi. La storia più recente si caratterizza per il rapido susseguirsi, in alcuni casi fino al sovrapporsi, di differenti stati di crisi, eventi che irrompono nella quotidianità degli individui, e in generale della società, scardinandone gli equilibri. Si pensi, ad esempio, alla pandemia da Covid-19, crisi sanitaria sen...

Synthesis and characterizations of TiO2 and γ-Fe2O3 nanohybrids and their biological and environmental applications

This Ph.D. thesis focused on the synthesis and characterization of TiO2 and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) for their potential antibacterial and environmental applications. For the TiO2NPs, a commercial TiO2 nanopowder was employed and functionalized with organic and alkoxysilane molecules. For the antibacterial and gas sensing applications, the TiO2 nanopowder was functionalized with a bifunctional silane linker, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), bearing –O and –SH moieties in its opp...

Track geometry monitoring using measured data from commercial trains towards predictive maintenance

Recognizing track problems is a crucial responsibility for railway engineers to ensure safe train operations. Analysing track geometry (TG) characteristics is essential for developing an effective track condition monitoring strategy. Recent studies have focused on identifying track geometry irregularities using onboard vehicle dynamics data, with a particular emphasis on vertical irregularity. This is because it is easier to understand the relationship between vehicle reaction and acceleratio...