Smart electrospun and electrosprayed materials based on biocompatible polymers for use in healthcare technologies

This doctoral thesis investigates the design, synthesis, and optimization of advanced biomaterials using electrospinning and electrospraying techniques, targeting applications in controlled drug delivery, wound healing, and implantable device coatings. The key objectives include the fabrication of nanofibres and microspheres with specific mechanical, thermal and morphological properties using tailor-made biocompatible polymers for biomedical applications. Electrospray was used to produce pH- and thermo-responsive microspheres, enabling controlled drug release in targeted physiological environments. Specifically, two types of electrosprayed microspheres were developed: pH-responsive microspheres and dual-responsive microspheres based on alginate and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), responsive to both pH and temperature variations. Electrospinning was employed to create nanofiber mats with high surface area and tunable porosity. Polyvinyl alcohol and hyaluronic acid (PVA/HA) nanofiber mats were fabricated through electrospinning for bioactive wound dressings, with enhanced stability achieved through citric acid crosslinking. Additionally, poly(lactic acid) and nano-hydroxyapatite (PLA/nHAp) composite nanofibers were developed as coatings for titanium implants, designed to improve biocompatibility, promote osseointegration, and enhance corrosion resistance. Through a multidisciplinary approach that combines material synthesis, characterization, and application-focused testing, this research advances the design of responsive, high-performance biomaterials for modern healthcare technologies.