This dissertation aims to analyse the legal and political situation in South Korea from a Western perspective while being mindful of any potential Western-centric bias that may result from the study undertaken by Western scholars. In order to do so, this thesis specifically examines Confucianism, a deeply rooted cultural aspect of East Asia that has been influential in many countries in the region for centuries, if not millennia. It explores its connection with other concepts such as constitutionalism, democracy, intellectual property rights, and South Korean civil society. The dissertation is divided into four chapters in total. The introductory section of the work consists of an initial investigation into the significance of context as a variable necessary to comprehend a country’s progress. From this perspective, it is imperative to consider Confucianism as a flexible and adaptable notion that can be reinterpreted and reassessed across different historical periods and contexts. To facilitate the comprehension of Confucianism’s distinctive features and developments, this study provides a general overview of this traditional philosophy in its original form as conceived by Confucius and extended by his disciples. It also traces its various developments and concludes with a comprehensive examination of Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism, considered a reinterpretation of classic ideas, appeared in Korea during the late Goryeo Dynasty and subsequently emerged as the state ideology under Joseon (1392-1910). The work first establishes the context in which institutions have operated in East Asia, with a specific focus on South Korea. Subsequently, it examines theories that traditionally explore the possible correlation between the democratic and constitutional advancements of nations impacted significantly by the Confucian tradition. Moreover, it investigates these theories within the framework of countries such as South Korea, which have already successfully established a functional democratic system. After conducting a comparative analysis of constitutional texts from nations with a historical adherence to Confucianism, the research focuses on observing Confucian principles in modern legal systems through empirical instances. While many nations have theoretically confined these ideas to the private sphere, with citizens still embracing many of its traditions and customs without even considering themselves Confucian, the concepts traditionally associated with this philosophy continue to impact laws and politics significantly. Following a thorough examination of the Courts present in this region of the world, this dissertation analyses the rulings of the Constitutional Court concerning family and criminal law, branches of law strongly influenced by the codes adopted throughout the Joseon era and after the Japanese colonisation period. The analysis includes, for example, landmark cases such as the Same-Surname-Same-Origin Marriage Ban and the Prohibition of Filing a Complaint against Lineal Ascendants, as well as more recent cases like the Prohibition and Nullity of Marriage between Blood Relatives within Eighth Degree of Relationship. It also draws broad parallels to the situation in Japan whenever possible. Upon drawing conclusions regarding South Korea’s current stance on traditional values like filial piety, this study aims to comprehend the prospective trajectory of the judiciary, as well as the transformations that the nation will experience in the near future. This work underscores the critical significance of courts, considering the impact of context on their decisions. The discussion in the third chapter explores how Confucianism has impeded the progression of intellectual property law. In fact, legal developments inspired or influenced by Confucian history do not cover intellectual property. In contrast to the cases examined in the second chapter, the IP case denotes an additional discernible outcome of the Confucian lineage: the limited development of legal systems attributable to the ideals of Confucianism. In actuality, traditional values regarded copying a work, or, in modern terms, plagiarism, as an expression of admiration for the original work rather than a violation, creating problems that still affect contemporary society, such as piracy. Through a novel examination of the impact of Confucian tradition on the Korean legal system, this analysis reveals the correlation between human rights and intellectual property rights. From this perspective, there seems to be a discernible correlation between the enforcement of intellectual property rights and the demand for democratisation within a nation. The concluding chapter discusses the pragmatic applicability of Confucianism to the political landscape of Korea and the function of civil society. A substantial portion of the discourse is devoted to the institution of impeachment and its pertinence within the Korean context. Studying the successful and unsuccessful impeachment proceedings involving former Presidents Roh Moo-hyun and Park Geun-hye, as well as Minister Lee Sang-min, provides valuable insights into the pivotal role that civil society (or Confucian democratic civil society as defined by Kim Sungmoon) has played in South Korea’s post-democratisation environment. This study highlights parallels between the liberal notion of the right of revolution and the same concept defined by Mencius, a highly esteemed Confucian scholar, several centuries prior to Locke’s writings. Furthermore, this work analyses the efficacy of public diplomacy in times of crisis and the most recent elections and administrations, as perceived through the lens of Confucian values in society.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è l’analisi approfondita del contesto politico e legale in Corea del Sud da una prospettiva occidentale, cercando di non ricadere negli stereotipi che potrebbero risultare da uno studio condotto in occidente. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, il presente elaborato esamina nello specifico il ruolo del Confucianesimo, un aspetto culturale che da secoli, se non millenni, influenza molti Paesi dell’Asia Occidentale, ed esplora i suoi collegamenti con altri concetti come costituzionalismo, democrazia, diritti di proprietà intellettuale e società civile. La tesi è divisa in quattro capitoli in totale. Una prima parte introduttiva è dedicata all’importanza del contesto come variabile utile all’identificazione di peculiarità relative ai progressi di un singolo Paese. Da questo punto di vista, è fondamentale considerare il Confucianesimo come una serie di concetti flessibili e adattabili, che possono essere reinterpretati e rivalutati in base al periodo storico e al contesto specifico in cui questo pensiero opera. Per facilitare la comprensione delle caratteristiche che contraddistinguono il Confucianesimo, questo studio fornisce una panoramica generale del pensiero filosofico tradizionale nella sua forma originale, così come è stato concepito da Confucio ed esteso dai suoi successori. Inoltre, il presente lavoro traccia i suoi vari sviluppi, concludendo con un esauriente esame del Neoconfucianesimo, considerato una reinterpretazione del Confucianesimo classico, importato in Corea verso la fine del regno di Goryeo e poi diventato ideologia di stato durante l’epoca Joseon (1392-1910). Dopo aver identificato e definito il contesto in cui le istituzioni hanno operato in Asia Orientale, il capitolo si focalizza sulle teorie che sono state impiegate per la definizione di un potenziale contesto democratico in Paesi tradizionalmente influenzati dal Confucianesimo. Queste teorie vengono applicate e utilizzate per cercare di spiegare la già avvenuta democratizzazione di Paesi che nel corso dei secoli hanno fatto riferimento a principi Confuciani, come ad esempio la Corea del Sud. Dopo aver condotto un’analisi comparata delle costituzioni di alcuni dei Paesi storicamente associati al Confucianesimo, la ricerca si concentra su esempi empirici di eredità Confuciana in legislazioni contemporanee. Infatti, nonostante a livello teorico molti Stati e i loro cittadini abbiano confinato gli ideali Confuciani alla sfera privata, spesso nemmeno riconoscendo la propria adesione a questi valori, nozioni strettamente legate a questa tradizione continuano, a volte indirettamente, ad avere un impatto sull’ambito giuridico e politico. In seguito a un’approfondita analisi delle corti in questa area del mondo, la tesi si concentra sulle decisioni della Corte Costituzionale coreana in merito al diritto di famiglia e penale, influenzati da una lunga tradizione proveniente dai codici adottati durante l’epoca Joseon e dal periodo post-colonizzazione giapponese, includendo alcune decisioni di significato storico e casi più recenti, presentando una comparazione con l’ambito legale giapponese dove possibile. Dopo aver cercato di spiegare la posizione attuale del Paese relativamente ad alcuni valori tradizionali come quello della pietà filiale, questo lavoro si prefissa l’obiettivo di provare a comprendere e prevedere la traiettoria che potrebbe essere intrapresa dall’ordinamento giudiziario e le conseguenti trasformazioni che il Paese potrebbe trovarsi a vivere. Il terzo capitolo si occupa di esplorare una diversa sfaccettatura dell’influenza del Confucianesimo nel sistema legale coreano. Diversamente dai casi elencati nel secondo capitolo, il quale riguardava leggi ampiamente influenzate – in passato o ancora nel presente – dal Confucianesimo, questa parte del lavoro si concentra sulle motivazioni che hanno impedito lo sviluppo e la progressione del diritto di proprietà intellettuale per lungo tempo. Infatti, secondo la tradizione Confuciana, la copia di un lavoro originale, oggi definibile come plagio, doveva essere percepita come un’espressione di ammirazione nei confronti dell’autore piuttosto che una violazione dei diritti sulla sua opera, dando vita a fenomeni che si ripercuotono ancora sulla società moderna come quello della pirateria. Attraverso un innovativo approccio all’impatto del Confucianesimo da questo punto di vista, il presente studio rivela un’interessante correlazione tra la concessione e l’applicazione dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale e la volontà di democratizzazione di un Paese. Il capitolo conclusivo discute l’applicabilità pragmatica del Confucianesimo nel panorama politico coreano, che mantiene sfumature indirettamente legate alla tradizione, e il ruolo della società civile. Un’importante sezione di questo capitolo è dedicata al ruolo dell’istituzione dell’impeachment nel contesto coreano. L’analisi dei procedimenti di impeachment degli ex presidenti Roh Moo-hyun e Park Geun-hye, e quello del Ministro Lee Sang-min forniscono interessanti approfondimenti non solo sul ruolo delle Corti ma anche su quello della società civile (definita da Kim Sungmoon come società civile democratica confuciana) nella formazione dell’ambiente post-democratizzazione. Inoltre, questo studio evidenzia il parallelismo tra la nozione liberale di diritto alla rivoluzione e quella elaborata da Mencio, uno dei più rilevanti interpreti del Confucianesimo, secoli prima degli scritti di John Locke. In conclusione, il presente lavoro analizza l’efficacia della diplomazia pubblica in tempi di crisi e i casi delle più recenti elezioni presidenziali, percepiti attraverso la lente dei valori tradizionalmente associati al Confucianesimo che ancora, indubbiamente, influenzano la società civile coreana.
Constitutionalism, Democracy, Intellectual Property Rights and Civil Society: Understanding Contemporary South Korea from a Confucian Perspective.
BARTOLOZZI, MIRIAM
2024
Abstract
This dissertation aims to analyse the legal and political situation in South Korea from a Western perspective while being mindful of any potential Western-centric bias that may result from the study undertaken by Western scholars. In order to do so, this thesis specifically examines Confucianism, a deeply rooted cultural aspect of East Asia that has been influential in many countries in the region for centuries, if not millennia. It explores its connection with other concepts such as constitutionalism, democracy, intellectual property rights, and South Korean civil society. The dissertation is divided into four chapters in total. The introductory section of the work consists of an initial investigation into the significance of context as a variable necessary to comprehend a country’s progress. From this perspective, it is imperative to consider Confucianism as a flexible and adaptable notion that can be reinterpreted and reassessed across different historical periods and contexts. To facilitate the comprehension of Confucianism’s distinctive features and developments, this study provides a general overview of this traditional philosophy in its original form as conceived by Confucius and extended by his disciples. It also traces its various developments and concludes with a comprehensive examination of Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism, considered a reinterpretation of classic ideas, appeared in Korea during the late Goryeo Dynasty and subsequently emerged as the state ideology under Joseon (1392-1910). The work first establishes the context in which institutions have operated in East Asia, with a specific focus on South Korea. Subsequently, it examines theories that traditionally explore the possible correlation between the democratic and constitutional advancements of nations impacted significantly by the Confucian tradition. Moreover, it investigates these theories within the framework of countries such as South Korea, which have already successfully established a functional democratic system. After conducting a comparative analysis of constitutional texts from nations with a historical adherence to Confucianism, the research focuses on observing Confucian principles in modern legal systems through empirical instances. While many nations have theoretically confined these ideas to the private sphere, with citizens still embracing many of its traditions and customs without even considering themselves Confucian, the concepts traditionally associated with this philosophy continue to impact laws and politics significantly. Following a thorough examination of the Courts present in this region of the world, this dissertation analyses the rulings of the Constitutional Court concerning family and criminal law, branches of law strongly influenced by the codes adopted throughout the Joseon era and after the Japanese colonisation period. The analysis includes, for example, landmark cases such as the Same-Surname-Same-Origin Marriage Ban and the Prohibition of Filing a Complaint against Lineal Ascendants, as well as more recent cases like the Prohibition and Nullity of Marriage between Blood Relatives within Eighth Degree of Relationship. It also draws broad parallels to the situation in Japan whenever possible. Upon drawing conclusions regarding South Korea’s current stance on traditional values like filial piety, this study aims to comprehend the prospective trajectory of the judiciary, as well as the transformations that the nation will experience in the near future. This work underscores the critical significance of courts, considering the impact of context on their decisions. The discussion in the third chapter explores how Confucianism has impeded the progression of intellectual property law. In fact, legal developments inspired or influenced by Confucian history do not cover intellectual property. In contrast to the cases examined in the second chapter, the IP case denotes an additional discernible outcome of the Confucian lineage: the limited development of legal systems attributable to the ideals of Confucianism. In actuality, traditional values regarded copying a work, or, in modern terms, plagiarism, as an expression of admiration for the original work rather than a violation, creating problems that still affect contemporary society, such as piracy. Through a novel examination of the impact of Confucian tradition on the Korean legal system, this analysis reveals the correlation between human rights and intellectual property rights. From this perspective, there seems to be a discernible correlation between the enforcement of intellectual property rights and the demand for democratisation within a nation. The concluding chapter discusses the pragmatic applicability of Confucianism to the political landscape of Korea and the function of civil society. A substantial portion of the discourse is devoted to the institution of impeachment and its pertinence within the Korean context. Studying the successful and unsuccessful impeachment proceedings involving former Presidents Roh Moo-hyun and Park Geun-hye, as well as Minister Lee Sang-min, provides valuable insights into the pivotal role that civil society (or Confucian democratic civil society as defined by Kim Sungmoon) has played in South Korea’s post-democratisation environment. This study highlights parallels between the liberal notion of the right of revolution and the same concept defined by Mencius, a highly esteemed Confucian scholar, several centuries prior to Locke’s writings. Furthermore, this work analyses the efficacy of public diplomacy in times of crisis and the most recent elections and administrations, as perceived through the lens of Confucian values in society.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/194402
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-194402