The social world changes and the direction of its change is the expression of collective choices that influence and inform subsequent individual and social development. The collective experience of the last two decades has shown how technology is changing the way of being in society by individuals with a great deal of speed. This incessant society appears characterized by the embrace between the liquid world, as announced by Zygmunt Bauman (2011) , and the digital revolution as it was prefigured and proposed by the gurus of Silicon Valley, like Steve Jobs, in an exaltation at least apparent of narcissism, speed, ambiguity, search for emotions and the need for multiple light relationships. In the third millennium the individual seems projected towards what may happen in terms of possibilities and therefore, towards a continuous search for emotions not already present, without which he would have the sensation of not existing and not living. On the other hand, one has the impression that on the whole, behind this emotionalism that guides the exploration of possibilities, we are witnessing an increase in the emotional illiteracy of the human dimension. The complex relationship between a simplified relational externation, evolution of a few decades of technological development on the one hand, and an emotional reality already structured by psychophysiological evolution on the other, can not but have a concrete effect on daily choices and quality of life. In the wake of this contrast it is possible to recognize a pole that is almost dialectical with respect to the digital exertion that is emotional intelligence. This is generally defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions and to use them in favor of adaptive behavior. In this technically acquired and naturally evolved comparison, the information society and the digital evolution of society are immersed. In contrast to this push towards a fast, emotionally oriented future, based on the connection of individuals and information, on a global level the challenge of environmental sustainability becomes ever more pressing. This challenge represents the awareness of the effects of a type of development that has proven to be dangerous for the man himself in the long run and which, to date, asks the productive, entrepreneurial and individual individuals to take charge of a new model of development, more respectful of the environment and with it, finally, of the man who inhabits it. This is the social scenario and the emerging problems that we try to deepen with this work. We are interested in the various topics, reporting the ongoing scientific debate and trying to contribute some small research contributions. The whole work is aimed at restoring an image based on the evidence of the phenomena mentioned here, or the relationship between the Digital Nativity, Emotional Intelligence and Sustainable Hospitality in the tourism sector. The three studies that make up the empirical part of this work have been designed and conducted following a defined rationale. From a general point of view we wanted to try to understand if belonging to the digital generation can have a role of some kind in the preference for sustainable hospitality in the tourism sector. The first study explores the field from a general point of view, looking for links between emotional intelligence and sustainable hospitality. The available literature on the applicative aspects of emotional intelligence on the one hand and sustainable hospitality on the other does not present studies or research that attempt to connect the two topics, especially from a quantitative point of view. This first research concludes with indicative results that are further explored in the second study, as one of the limits of the first research is related to the psychometric validity of the scales used. The second study is the explorative validation of a scale on sustainable hospitality, deepening the concepts already mentioned in the first study in relation to the same construct. In this case the available literature presents only fragmentary elements. However, through this second study we wanted to introduce a second element, that is the possibility that the propensity towards sustainable hospitality can also be linked to an anagraphic condition that, here, we wanted to identify with the supposed intergenerational qualitative difference proposed with the definition of digital natives. More in detail, here it is not claimed that the digital experience has a direct connection with sustainability but indirectly, that is probably due to concomitant causes also to the use of digital devices, we can verify a different propensity to tourist sustainability among digital natives and digital immigrants (Prensky 2001). The study reported here leads to the conclusion that there exist different factorial structures of the scale on sustainable tourist hospitality based on the nature of the sample, ie whether it is young people or adults. In this case the group of young people with the subjects under the age of 33 was made to coincide. This distinction serves as a basis and, in turn, finds a legitimacy in a work still being drafted in collaboration with the Dutch University of Stenden where, in continuity with their research, the youth target is taken as a defined sample whose members do not exceed the age of 33 (considering 2018 as the current year). This is a sample that demonstrates a considerable interest in nature as a motivation in itself, independent and supported by values capable of overcoming self-centeredness. The choice of the cut-off point in relation to age is consistent with the definition of Prensky, for which the digital natives are born after 1984 and form a definite cohort, as distinguished by peculiar elements in cognitive and skill terms practices. The second study therefore allows us to hypothesize that those born after 1984 can have a specific attitude towards tourism sustainability and in particular towards sustainable hospitality. The third study tries to bring to a conclusion the path started with the first study and carried out in the second. In fact, it is a matter of explaining the relationship between emotional intelligence and digital nativity. The relationship between the elements of emotional intelligence and the digital nativity is then explored, keeping aside the already established relationship between emotional intelligence and sustainable hospitality. In this case, however, the definition of digital native is not entrusted to the personal data but to the score on a scale that measures the digital nativity. The result of this study seems consistent with some works or insights about the possible relationship between use of digital devices and emotional intelligence. In any case, the results of this third study push towards new reflections regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence and sustainable hospitality in the tourism sector in light of the specificity that the digital nativity can introduce.
Il mondo sociale cambia e la direzione del suo cambiamento è l’espressione di scelte collettive che influenzano e informano lo sviluppo individuale e sociale successivo. L’esperienza collettiva degli ultimi due decenni ha evidenziato come la tecnica stia cambiando il modo di stare nella società stessa da parte degli individui con una grande veocità. Questa società incessante appare caratterizzata dall’abbraccio fusionale tra il mondo liquido, così come annunciato di Zygmunt Bauman (2011), e la rivoluzione digitale così com’è stata prefigurata e proposta dai guru della Silicon Valley, in testa Steve Jobs, in una esaltazione per lo meno apparente di narcisismo, velocità, ambiguità, ricerca di emozioni e il bisogno di molteplici relazioni light. Nel terzo millennio l’individuo sembra proiettato verso ciò che potrà accadere in termini di possibilità in quanto tali e quindi, verso una continua ricerca di emozioni non già presenti, senza le quale avrebbe la sensazione di non esistere e di non vivere. Dall’altro lato si ha l’impressione che nel suo complesso dietro questo emotivismo che guida l’esplorazione delle possibilità si stia assistendo a una crescita dell’analfabetismo emotivo della dimensione umana. La relazione complessa tra una esternazione relazionale semplificata, evoluzione di pochi decennni di sviluppo tecnologico da una parte, e una realtà emotiva già strutturata dall’evoluzione psicofisiologica dall’altra, non può non avere un effetto concreto sulle scelte quotidiane e sulla qualità della vita. Nel solco di questo contrasto è possibile riconoscere un polo altro quasi dialettico rispetto all’eseprienza digitale che è l’intelligenza emotiva. Questa è definita generalmente come la capacita di riconoscere le emozioni proprie e altrui e di farne uso in favore di un comportamento adattivo. In questo confronto di tecnicmente acquisito e naturalmente evoluto è immersa la società dell’informazione e l’evoluzione digitale della società. Di contro a questa spinta verso il un futuro rapido, emotivamente orientato, basato sulla connessione di di individui e informazione, sul piano globale si fa sempre più pressante la sfida della sostenibilità ambientale. Questa sfida rappresenta la presa di coscienza degli effetti di una tipologia di sviluppo che ha dimostrato di essere pericolosa per l’uomo stesso nel lungo periodo e che, ad oggi, chiede alle realtà produttive, imprenditoriali e ai singoli idividui di farsi carico di un nuovo modello di sviluppo, più rispettoso dell’ambiente e con esso, infine, dell’uomo che lo abita. Questo è lo scenario sociale e le problematiche emergenti che si cerca di approfondire con il presente lavoro. Ci si è interessati ai diversi temi riportando il dibattito scientifico in corso e cercando di contribuire con alcuni piccoli contributi di ricerca. L’intero lavoro è volto a restituire un’immagine basata sull’evidenza dei fenomeni qui accennati ovvero della relazione tra la Natività Digitale, l’Intelligenza Emotiva e l’Ospitalità sostenibile nel settore turistico. I tre studi che compongono la parte di rilevazione empirica di questo lavoro sono stati progettati e condotti seguendo un rationale definito. Da un punto di vista generale si è voluto cercare di comprendere se l’appartenere alla generazione digitale possa avere un ruolo di qualche tipo nella preferenza verso l’ospitalità sostenibile nel settore turistico. Il primo studio esplora il campo da un punto di vista generale cercando dei nessi tra intelligenza emotiva e ospitalità sostenibile. La letteratura disponibile sugli aspetti applicativi dell’intelligenza emotiva da un lato e dell’ospitalità sostenibile dall’altro non presenta studi o ricerche che tentino di connettere i due argomenti, soprattutto da un punto di vista quantitativo. Questa prima ricerca si conclude con dei risultati indicativi che trovano un approfondimento nel secondo studio, in quanto uno dei limiti della prima ricerca è relativo alla validità psicometrica delle scale utilizzate. Il secondo studio è la validazione esplorativa di una scala sull’ospitalità sostenibile approfondendo i concetti già accennati nel primo studio in relazione allo stesso costrutto. In questo caso la letteratura disponibile presenta solo elementi frammentari. Tuttavia attraverso questo secondo studio si è voluto introdurre un secondo elemento, ovvero la possibilità che la propensione verso l’ospitalità sostenibile possa essere legata anche a una condizione anagrafica che, in questa sede, si è voluta identificare con la supposta differenza qualitativa intergenerazionale proposta con la definizione di nativi digitali. Più nel dettaglio, qui non si sostiene che l’esperienza digitale abbia una connessione diretta con la sostenibilità ma che indirettamente, cioè per cause concomitanti probabilmente anche all’utilizzo dei dispositivi digitali, si possa verificare una diversa propensione alla sostenibilità turistica tra nativi digitali e immigrati digitali (Prensky 2001). Lo studio qui riportato infatti porta a concludere che esistono strutture fattoriali differenti della scala sull’ospitalita turistica sostenibile in base alla natura del campione, ovvero se si tratta di giovani o adulti. In questo caso si è fatto coincidere il gruppo di giovani con i soggetti di età inferiore ai 33 anni. Tale distinzione funge da base e, a sua volta, trova una legittimazione in un lavoro ancora in fase di stesura condotto in collaborazione con l’università olandese di Stenden dove, in continuità con la loro ricerca, il target giovanile viene assunto come un campione definito i cui membri non superano l’età di 33 anni (considerando come anno corrente il 2018). Si tatta di un campione che dimostra un notevole interesse verso la natura come motivazione in sé, autonoma e sostenuta da valori capaci di superare l’egocentrismo. La scelta del punto di cut-off in relazione all’età è coerente con definizione di Prensky, per il quale i nativi digitali sono i nati dopo il 1984 e costituiscono una coorte definita, in quanto contraddistinta da elementi peculiari in termini cognitivi e di abilità pratiche. Il secondo studio dunque permette di ipotizzare che i nati dopo il 1984 possano avere un atteggiamento specifico verso la sostenibilità turistica e in particolare verso l’ospitalità sostenibile. Il terzo studio cerca di portare verso una conclusione il percorso iniziato con il primo studio e portato avanti nel secondo. Si tratta infatti di esplicitare la relazione tra intelligenza emotiva e natività digitale. Viene quindi esplorata la relazione tra gli elementi dell’intelligenza emotiva e della natività digitale, tenendo da parte la già appurata relazione tra intelligenza emotiva e ospitalità sostenibile. In questo caso però la definizione di nativo digitale non viene affidata al dato anagrafico ma al punteggio su una scala che misura la natività digitale. Il risultato di questo studio sembra coerente con alcuni lavori o intuizioni in merito alla relazione possibile tra uso dei dispositivi digitai e intelligenza emotiva. In ogni caso i risultati di qusto terzo studio spingono verso nuove riflessioni rispetto alla relazione tra intelligenza emotiva e ospitalità sostenibile nel settore turistico alla luce della specificità che la natività digitale può introdurre.
Intelligenza emotiva e ospitalità turistica sostenibile. Alcuni studi esplorativi e il possibile ruolo della natività digitale.
CARRIERI, ANGELO
2019
Abstract
The social world changes and the direction of its change is the expression of collective choices that influence and inform subsequent individual and social development. The collective experience of the last two decades has shown how technology is changing the way of being in society by individuals with a great deal of speed. This incessant society appears characterized by the embrace between the liquid world, as announced by Zygmunt Bauman (2011) , and the digital revolution as it was prefigured and proposed by the gurus of Silicon Valley, like Steve Jobs, in an exaltation at least apparent of narcissism, speed, ambiguity, search for emotions and the need for multiple light relationships. In the third millennium the individual seems projected towards what may happen in terms of possibilities and therefore, towards a continuous search for emotions not already present, without which he would have the sensation of not existing and not living. On the other hand, one has the impression that on the whole, behind this emotionalism that guides the exploration of possibilities, we are witnessing an increase in the emotional illiteracy of the human dimension. The complex relationship between a simplified relational externation, evolution of a few decades of technological development on the one hand, and an emotional reality already structured by psychophysiological evolution on the other, can not but have a concrete effect on daily choices and quality of life. In the wake of this contrast it is possible to recognize a pole that is almost dialectical with respect to the digital exertion that is emotional intelligence. This is generally defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions and to use them in favor of adaptive behavior. In this technically acquired and naturally evolved comparison, the information society and the digital evolution of society are immersed. In contrast to this push towards a fast, emotionally oriented future, based on the connection of individuals and information, on a global level the challenge of environmental sustainability becomes ever more pressing. This challenge represents the awareness of the effects of a type of development that has proven to be dangerous for the man himself in the long run and which, to date, asks the productive, entrepreneurial and individual individuals to take charge of a new model of development, more respectful of the environment and with it, finally, of the man who inhabits it. This is the social scenario and the emerging problems that we try to deepen with this work. We are interested in the various topics, reporting the ongoing scientific debate and trying to contribute some small research contributions. The whole work is aimed at restoring an image based on the evidence of the phenomena mentioned here, or the relationship between the Digital Nativity, Emotional Intelligence and Sustainable Hospitality in the tourism sector. The three studies that make up the empirical part of this work have been designed and conducted following a defined rationale. From a general point of view we wanted to try to understand if belonging to the digital generation can have a role of some kind in the preference for sustainable hospitality in the tourism sector. The first study explores the field from a general point of view, looking for links between emotional intelligence and sustainable hospitality. The available literature on the applicative aspects of emotional intelligence on the one hand and sustainable hospitality on the other does not present studies or research that attempt to connect the two topics, especially from a quantitative point of view. This first research concludes with indicative results that are further explored in the second study, as one of the limits of the first research is related to the psychometric validity of the scales used. The second study is the explorative validation of a scale on sustainable hospitality, deepening the concepts already mentioned in the first study in relation to the same construct. In this case the available literature presents only fragmentary elements. However, through this second study we wanted to introduce a second element, that is the possibility that the propensity towards sustainable hospitality can also be linked to an anagraphic condition that, here, we wanted to identify with the supposed intergenerational qualitative difference proposed with the definition of digital natives. More in detail, here it is not claimed that the digital experience has a direct connection with sustainability but indirectly, that is probably due to concomitant causes also to the use of digital devices, we can verify a different propensity to tourist sustainability among digital natives and digital immigrants (Prensky 2001). The study reported here leads to the conclusion that there exist different factorial structures of the scale on sustainable tourist hospitality based on the nature of the sample, ie whether it is young people or adults. In this case the group of young people with the subjects under the age of 33 was made to coincide. This distinction serves as a basis and, in turn, finds a legitimacy in a work still being drafted in collaboration with the Dutch University of Stenden where, in continuity with their research, the youth target is taken as a defined sample whose members do not exceed the age of 33 (considering 2018 as the current year). This is a sample that demonstrates a considerable interest in nature as a motivation in itself, independent and supported by values capable of overcoming self-centeredness. The choice of the cut-off point in relation to age is consistent with the definition of Prensky, for which the digital natives are born after 1984 and form a definite cohort, as distinguished by peculiar elements in cognitive and skill terms practices. The second study therefore allows us to hypothesize that those born after 1984 can have a specific attitude towards tourism sustainability and in particular towards sustainable hospitality. The third study tries to bring to a conclusion the path started with the first study and carried out in the second. In fact, it is a matter of explaining the relationship between emotional intelligence and digital nativity. The relationship between the elements of emotional intelligence and the digital nativity is then explored, keeping aside the already established relationship between emotional intelligence and sustainable hospitality. In this case, however, the definition of digital native is not entrusted to the personal data but to the score on a scale that measures the digital nativity. The result of this study seems consistent with some works or insights about the possible relationship between use of digital devices and emotional intelligence. In any case, the results of this third study push towards new reflections regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence and sustainable hospitality in the tourism sector in light of the specificity that the digital nativity can introduce.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/194526
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-194526