This PhD thesis investigates the concept of circular economy in European framework and how this new approach could be accepted, adopted and adapted among citizens and SMEs. The concept is considered as a suitable alternative to linear model of economic growth, and above all, as a way of connecting economic and environmental gains. Circular economy means maintaining the value of products and materials for as long as possible, minimizing waste and pollution and using resources in a smarter and sustainable way, as European Commission stated in its presentation of the 2015 Circular Economy package. This dissertation is structured in four chapters. The chapters are presented in an autonomous though interrelated way, following different approaches but all with a common ground: they aim is to define the relationship between circular economy and business development in terms of the social factors - law, economics, educations, politics, etc. ‐ that influence firms’ behavior. The study begins with the analyzes of the drivers of the circular economy (i.e. population trends; loss of biodiversity, pollution and environmental degradation; consumers’ preferences and other cultural aspects) taking into account quantitative and qualitative aspects to measure their impact on growth. European and Italian set of measures aimed at introducing provisions on CE are also taken into consideration, as well as the role of public contracts and other market-harnessing controls. The study extends the analyzes to the regional level and focuses on opportunities generated by local specialities. The intention is to explore the concept in a multi-perspective approach - considering principles, actors and tools – and to analyze the changing role of local institutions in order to improve public awareness and participation. The second paper is a systematic literature review of circular economy as a strategy of sustainable development and to what extent it covers the three areas of sustainability - economic, environmental and social - with particular reference to water management. In doing so, this chapter analyzes the relationship between CE and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically its Goal number 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Consequently, challenges related to wastewater have emerged posing specific issues primarily concerning quantitative aspects and quality requirements, mostly due to the increasing demand for freshwater, against the backdrop of limited resources stressed by over-abstraction, pollution and climate change. Since water is the largest untapped resource, the third chapter focuses on EU Regulation on minimum requirements for water reuse in irrigation COM(2018) 337, the latest proposal introduced within the framework of Circular Economy. The study, conducted within the EU Marie S. Curie project on AcceLerate Innovation in urban wastewater management for Climate changE (ALICE) , pointed out the case of Italy that, as other regions in Southern Europe, has to face some challenges related to water scarcity and quality. On the other hand, there are best-practices as well: early adopters facilitated by more favorable regional parameters (e.g. the Mancasale WWTP in Emilia Romagna and Capitanata district in Puglia). Considering that it is in the economic interest of SMEs to optimize the use of their resources, as well as explore new business opportunities, the last chapter analyzes the role of education and managerial skills for human resources in the adoption of Circular Economy. The purpose is twofold: analyzing main business models of reference and stressing the necessary qualifications or skills for operating under those conditions. By conducting a map of European-funded projects, the chapter shows relevant findings related to business needs concerning value creation in Adriatic-Ionian Macro-Region, an area where water is the main connecting element both of resources, goods, and even knowledge and competences. Main findings show that education plays a crucial role to raise the right skills at all levels and other measures to support value creation for jobs in the new framework of circular economy.
La presente tesi di dottorato intende approfondire il concetto di economia circolare nel recente contesto economico e sociale europeo e i relativi strumenti indispensabili per la sua implementazione a beneficio di cittadini e imprese. L’economia circolare è considerata una valida alternativa al modello lineare di crescita economica e, soprattutto, come un modo per colmare la dicotomia tra interessi industriali e ambientali. Grazie ad essa, infatti, è possibile mantenere il valore dei prodotti e dei materiali in modo duraturo nel ciclo economico, riducendo al minimo sprechi e inquinamento e utilizzando le risorse in modo più intelligente e sostenibile, come ha affermato la stessa Commissione Europea in occasione della presentazione del Pacchetto sull'economia circolare del 2015. Questa tesi è strutturata in quattro capitoli che seppur presentati in modo autonomo, sono posti in reciproca connessione. Utilizzando approcci diversi, realizzano un intento comune: ossia mirano a definire la relazione tra economia circolare e sviluppo del business in termini di fattori sociali - legge, economia, istruzione, politica, ecc. – in grado di influenzare il comportamento delle imprese. Lo studio è stato sviluppato a partire dall’analisi dei fattori trainanti dell'economia circolare - come il trend demografico, la perdita della biodiversità, l’inquinamento e il degrado ambientale, nonché le preferenze dei consumatori e gli altri aspetti culturali – e tiene conto sia degli aspetti quantitativi sia qualitativi tale da misurarne l’impatto sulla crescita economica. Accanto a ciò sono state oggetto di studio una serie di misure europee e italiane volte all’introduzione di disposizioni sull’economia circolare nell’ordinamento giuridico, così come il ruolo degli appalti pubblici e degli altri meccanismi di mercato. L’analisi viene estesa anche a livello regionale con particolare riferimento alle opportunità generate dalle specialità locali. In questo modo è stato possibile esplorare il concetto in esame secondo un approccio multi-prospettico, prendendo in considerazione linee guida, attori coinvolti e strumenti necessari, nonché seguire la trasformazione del ruolo ricoperto dalle istituzioni locali al fine di migliorare la consapevolezza e la partecipazione del pubblico. Nel secondo capitolo viene condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura inerente l'economia circolare come strategia di sviluppo sostenibile. Si è osservato in che misura l’economia circolare copre le tre aree della sostenibilità - economica, ambientale e sociale - con particolare riferimento alla gestione delle risorse idriche. Nel fare ciò, il capitolo analizza la relazione tra sviluppo circolare e Agenda 2030 per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, di cui nello specifico l’obiettivo 6: Garantire a tutti la disponibilità e la gestione sostenibile dell’acqua e delle strutture igienico-sanitarie. In questo scenario emergono chiaramente le sfide legate alle acque reflue che pongono questioni specifiche a carattere quantitativo e qualitativo, sia nel contesto urbano sia in quello rurale. Poiché l'acqua è la più grande risorsa non sfruttata, il terzo capitolo si concentra sulla recente proposta di regolamento UE con oggetto i requisiti minimi per il riutilizzo dell'acqua nell'irrigazione COM (2018) 337. Lo studio, condotto nell'ambito del progetto UE Marie S. Curie - AcceLerate Innovation in urban wastewater management for Climate changE (ALICE) , ha posto l’attenzione sulla situazione italiana che, al pari di altri stati dell'Europa meridionale, deve affrontare importanti sfide strettamente legate alla scarsità e alla qualità della risorse idriche a disposizione. Sono state evidenziate quindi le pratiche locali più virtuose, anche grazie a parametri regionali più favorevoli (a esempio l’impianto di Mancasale in Emilia Romagna e il distretto di Capitanata in Puglia). Considerando che è nell'interesse economico delle imprese ottimizzare l'uso delle risorse, nonché esplorare nuove opportunità di business, l'ultimo capitolo analizza il ruolo dell'istruzione e delle skill manageriali per le risorse umane nell'adozione dell'economia circolare. Lo scopo è duplice: analizzare i principali modelli di business di riferimento ed evidenziare le qualifiche e le competenze necessarie per operare in queste condizioni. Tramite una mappatura dei progetti finanziati dall'UE, il capitolo mostra i risultati rilevanti attinenti alle esigenze aziendali in merito alla creazione di valore nella macroregione Adriatico-Ionica, un'area in cui l'acqua è il principale elemento di collegamento di risorse, merci e persino di conoscenze e competenze. I risultati principali mostrano come l'istruzione svolga un ruolo cruciale per edificare le giuste competenze ad ogni livello e di conseguenza sia in grado di sostenere la creazione di valore nel nuovo quadro dell'economia circolare.
Entrepreneurial mindset, social competences and internationalization of green economy firms. How to boost the circular economy model
LANCIONI, Marta
2019
Abstract
This PhD thesis investigates the concept of circular economy in European framework and how this new approach could be accepted, adopted and adapted among citizens and SMEs. The concept is considered as a suitable alternative to linear model of economic growth, and above all, as a way of connecting economic and environmental gains. Circular economy means maintaining the value of products and materials for as long as possible, minimizing waste and pollution and using resources in a smarter and sustainable way, as European Commission stated in its presentation of the 2015 Circular Economy package. This dissertation is structured in four chapters. The chapters are presented in an autonomous though interrelated way, following different approaches but all with a common ground: they aim is to define the relationship between circular economy and business development in terms of the social factors - law, economics, educations, politics, etc. ‐ that influence firms’ behavior. The study begins with the analyzes of the drivers of the circular economy (i.e. population trends; loss of biodiversity, pollution and environmental degradation; consumers’ preferences and other cultural aspects) taking into account quantitative and qualitative aspects to measure their impact on growth. European and Italian set of measures aimed at introducing provisions on CE are also taken into consideration, as well as the role of public contracts and other market-harnessing controls. The study extends the analyzes to the regional level and focuses on opportunities generated by local specialities. The intention is to explore the concept in a multi-perspective approach - considering principles, actors and tools – and to analyze the changing role of local institutions in order to improve public awareness and participation. The second paper is a systematic literature review of circular economy as a strategy of sustainable development and to what extent it covers the three areas of sustainability - economic, environmental and social - with particular reference to water management. In doing so, this chapter analyzes the relationship between CE and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically its Goal number 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Consequently, challenges related to wastewater have emerged posing specific issues primarily concerning quantitative aspects and quality requirements, mostly due to the increasing demand for freshwater, against the backdrop of limited resources stressed by over-abstraction, pollution and climate change. Since water is the largest untapped resource, the third chapter focuses on EU Regulation on minimum requirements for water reuse in irrigation COM(2018) 337, the latest proposal introduced within the framework of Circular Economy. The study, conducted within the EU Marie S. Curie project on AcceLerate Innovation in urban wastewater management for Climate changE (ALICE) , pointed out the case of Italy that, as other regions in Southern Europe, has to face some challenges related to water scarcity and quality. On the other hand, there are best-practices as well: early adopters facilitated by more favorable regional parameters (e.g. the Mancasale WWTP in Emilia Romagna and Capitanata district in Puglia). Considering that it is in the economic interest of SMEs to optimize the use of their resources, as well as explore new business opportunities, the last chapter analyzes the role of education and managerial skills for human resources in the adoption of Circular Economy. The purpose is twofold: analyzing main business models of reference and stressing the necessary qualifications or skills for operating under those conditions. By conducting a map of European-funded projects, the chapter shows relevant findings related to business needs concerning value creation in Adriatic-Ionian Macro-Region, an area where water is the main connecting element both of resources, goods, and even knowledge and competences. Main findings show that education plays a crucial role to raise the right skills at all levels and other measures to support value creation for jobs in the new framework of circular economy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
lancioni_tesi2019.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
2.18 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.18 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/194542
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-194542