Corporate Reputation can be defined as the fusion of all the expectations, perceptions and opinions about an organization developed by consumers, employees, suppliers, investors and all other stakeholders in relation to the qualities, characteristics and behavior of the company, based on personal experiences, word of mouth and observation of the organization's past actions. It expresses the synthesis of a vast set of signals that the company transmits to stakeholder over time with its strategic action, both explicitly and implicitly. The interlocutors of the company understand and interpret these signals, which for them constitute important sources of information and evaluation, as well as predictors of the future behavior of the company; consequently, they mature their expectations and finally come to formulate their own decisions. However, the diversity of interests about a company, leads to the formation of a plurality of expectations and judgments that are not always convergent. Although, both in practice and in literature, the term is often used in the singular way, some scholars agree that corporate reputation is in reality a multidimensional construct that reflects a plurality of judgment by the various interlocutors of the company. By applying partly divergent criteria in assessing company performance and referring to heterogeneous information sources, in fact, different types of stakeholder and contributions can issue different judgments about the company, which can thus enjoy a partly different reputation among different public. Moreover, in recent years, with the massive spread of the Internet and the use of new technologies, reputation management has become complicated, because it has to deal not only with what the company does, actions and communications, but, in an increasingly massive way, with what the "others" say about the company. Therefore, constant monitoring and careful reputation management, both online and offline, are essential activities for building, maintaining or improving relationships with the various social partners and in this context, the role of communication assumes an essential strategic and operational value. At the center of Corporate Reputation building projects, in recent years, there is an increasingly recourse to the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), that is how much a company is socially responsible towards its stakeholders. Taking on socially responsible behaviors for the company means monitoring and responding to the legitimate economic, environmental and social expectations of all stakeholders, gaining esteem, trust and reputation to achieve a competitive advantage necessary to remain on the market in a long-term perspective. The objective of this work is to explain the relationship between Corporate Reputation and Corporate Social Responsibility in a "critical" sector such as waste management, characterized by a strong link with the territory and with the communities who live there. Through the empirical study of the case Orim S.p.A., a leader company in the sector of industrial waste disposal and recovery, it will be explained how, often, these companies face a paradoxical reputational problem: while the specialized actors attribute a high value to these business activities as they contribute to advancing the transition towards a model of circular economy and slowing down the process of environmental degradation, civil society, because of a lack of information on the actual practices of these activities, has more difficulties to draw up a complete judgment on these issues and sanctions, indirectly but significantly, the operations of companies operating in this critical sector. In other words, the presence of a "reputational gap" ends up triggering a vicious circle that has significant repercussions on the development and growth of the business. This work is divided into four parts. The first chapter aims to clarify the complex concept of Corporate Reputation as a strategic intangible asset and key factor in the Web 2.0 era. The second chapter aims to analyze and frame the phenomenon of Corporate Social Responsibility, which will be examined in terms of origins, theoretical developments, constitutive aspects, operations and benefits. The third chapter will focus on the issue of Stakeholder Management, defined as the company's ability to build favorable and mutually beneficial relationships with stakeholders, internal and external, in order to create wealth and value in the long term. Finally, the last chapter focuses on the empirical part of the thesis focused on the Orim S.p.A. case. The "single-case-study" was developed following an exploratory and qualitative approach, integrating primary and secondary data. In the first part the methodology, company profile and the problems connected to the emergence of a reputational gap will be presented, in the last part, the results of the qualitative survey carried out through focus groups and in-depth interviews will be presented and discussed. The case will then be integrated with some final considerations concerning the managerial implications and the theoretical developments of the research.
La reputazione aziendale può essere definita come la fusione di tutte le aspettative, percezioni ed opinioni su un’organizzazione sviluppate da consumatori, dipendenti, fornitori, investitori e da tutti gli altri interlocutori in relazione alle qualità, caratteristiche e comportamenti dell’impresa, basate su esperienze personali, passaparola e osservazione delle azioni passate dell’organizzazione. Essa esprime la sintesi di un vasto insieme di segnali che l’impresa trasmette agli stakeholder (portatori di interessi nei confronti dell’azienda) nel corso del tempo con il suo agire strategico, in modo sia esplicito che implicito. Gli interlocutori dell’impresa recepiscono e interpretano questi segnali, che per loro costituiscono rilevanti fonti di informazione e di valutazione, nonché predittori del comportamento futuro dell’impresa; maturano conseguentemente le proprie aspettative e giungono infine a formulare le proprie decisioni. La diversità degli interessi che ruotano attorno a un’impresa, tuttavia, porta di fatto alla formazione di una pluralità di attese e giudizi non sempre convergenti. Sebbene, sia nella pratica sia nella letteratura, il termine venga spesso utilizzato al singolare, alcuni studiosi convengono che la reputazione aziendale sia in realtà un costrutto multidimensionale che riflette una pluralità di metri di giudizio dei diversi interlocutori dell’impresa. Applicando criteri in parte divergenti nel valutare le performance aziendali e rifacendosi a fonti informative eterogenee, infatti, diversi tipi di portatori di interessi e contributi possono emettere giudizi diversi sull’azienda, la quale può arrivare così a godere di una reputazione in parte differente presso pubblici diversi. Negli ultimi anni, inoltre, con la massiccia diffusione della Rete e dell’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie, la gestione della reputazione si è complicata, visto che deve fare i conti non soltanto con ciò che l’impresa determina, ossia azioni e comunicazioni (ciò che fa e dice) ma, in modo sempre più massiccio, con ciò che gli “altri” dicono dell’impresa. Pertanto, un costante monitoraggio e un’attenta gestione della propria reputazione, sia online che offline, costituiscono attività imprescindibili per costruire, mantenere o migliorare i rapporti con i diversi interlocutori sociali e in un tale contesto il ruolo della comunicazione assume una valenza strategica ed operativa fondamentale. Al centro dei progetti di costruzione della reputazione aziendale, negli ultimi anni, si riscontra un ricorso sempre più frequente al tema della Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ossia quanto un’impresa sia responsabile nei confronti dell’intera società. Assumere comportamenti socialmente responsabili per l’impresa significa monitorare e rispondere alle legittime aspettative economiche, ambientali e sociali di tutti gli stakeholder, ossia di tutti coloro che quotidianamente entrano in relazione con l’impresa ed hanno interesse nel suo successo e sviluppo, guadagnandone in stima, fiducia e reputazione e permettendo così, anche di conseguire un vantaggio competitivo necessario per rimanere sul mercato in un’ottica di lungo periodo. L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è di spiegare quale relazione esista tra reputazione aziendale e Corporate Social Responsibility in un settore “critico” come quello della gestione dei rifiuti, caratterizzato da un forte legame con il territorio e con le comunità che lo abitano. Attraverso lo studio empirico del caso Orim S.p.A., impresa leader nel settore dello smaltimento e recupero rifiuti industriali, si mette in luce come, spesso, tali aziende affrontino un paradossale problema reputazionale: mentre gli attori specializzati attribuiscono un alto valore a tali attività aziendali in quanto contribuiscono a portare avanti la transizione verso un modello di economia circolare e a rallentare il processo di degrado ambientale, la società civile, spesso soggetta a carenza informativa sulle pratiche effettive di queste attività, fa più fatica ad elaborare un giudizio completo in merito a questi temi, sanzionando in maniera indiretta ma significativa le operazioni delle imprese operanti in questo settore critico. In altre parole, la presenza di un “gap reputazionale” finisce per innescare un circolo vizioso che ha significative ripercussioni sullo sviluppo e la crescita dell’attività aziendale. Il presente lavoro è suddiviso in quattro parti. Il primo capitolo ha lo scopo di chiarire il complesso concetto della Reputazione aziendale intesa come strategic asset intangibile e moderna moneta di scambio sui mercati nell’era del Web 2.0. Il secondo capitolo si propone di analizzare e inquadrare il fenomeno della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa, che verrà esaminato sotto il profilo degli sviluppi teorici, degli aspetti costitutivi, dell’operatività e dei benefici. Il terzo capitolo approfondisce il tema dello Stakeholder Management, inteso come capacità dell’azienda di costruire relazioni favorevoli e reciprocamente vantaggiose con gli stakeholders, interni ed esterni, al fine di creare ricchezza e valore nel lungo periodo. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo si focalizza sulla parte empirica della tesi incentrata sul caso studio Orim S.p.A. Aderendo ad un approccio esplorativo e qualitativo, il caso è stato sviluppato nel rispetto dei canoni previsti dal “single-case-study”, integrando dati primari e secondari. Nella prima parte verranno presentati metodologia, profilo aziendale e le problematiche connesse all’emergenza di un gap reputazionale, nell’ultima parte, verranno presentati e discussi i risultati dell’indagine qualitativa svolta attraverso focus group ed interviste in profondità. Il caso poi sarà integrato con alcune considerazioni finali relative alle implicazioni manageriali e agli sviluppi teorici della ricerca.
Gestione della reputazione e comunicazione della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa nel settore del recupero e smaltimento dei rifiuti. Il caso Orim S.p.A.
SIMONETTI, FEDERICA
2020
Abstract
Corporate Reputation can be defined as the fusion of all the expectations, perceptions and opinions about an organization developed by consumers, employees, suppliers, investors and all other stakeholders in relation to the qualities, characteristics and behavior of the company, based on personal experiences, word of mouth and observation of the organization's past actions. It expresses the synthesis of a vast set of signals that the company transmits to stakeholder over time with its strategic action, both explicitly and implicitly. The interlocutors of the company understand and interpret these signals, which for them constitute important sources of information and evaluation, as well as predictors of the future behavior of the company; consequently, they mature their expectations and finally come to formulate their own decisions. However, the diversity of interests about a company, leads to the formation of a plurality of expectations and judgments that are not always convergent. Although, both in practice and in literature, the term is often used in the singular way, some scholars agree that corporate reputation is in reality a multidimensional construct that reflects a plurality of judgment by the various interlocutors of the company. By applying partly divergent criteria in assessing company performance and referring to heterogeneous information sources, in fact, different types of stakeholder and contributions can issue different judgments about the company, which can thus enjoy a partly different reputation among different public. Moreover, in recent years, with the massive spread of the Internet and the use of new technologies, reputation management has become complicated, because it has to deal not only with what the company does, actions and communications, but, in an increasingly massive way, with what the "others" say about the company. Therefore, constant monitoring and careful reputation management, both online and offline, are essential activities for building, maintaining or improving relationships with the various social partners and in this context, the role of communication assumes an essential strategic and operational value. At the center of Corporate Reputation building projects, in recent years, there is an increasingly recourse to the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), that is how much a company is socially responsible towards its stakeholders. Taking on socially responsible behaviors for the company means monitoring and responding to the legitimate economic, environmental and social expectations of all stakeholders, gaining esteem, trust and reputation to achieve a competitive advantage necessary to remain on the market in a long-term perspective. The objective of this work is to explain the relationship between Corporate Reputation and Corporate Social Responsibility in a "critical" sector such as waste management, characterized by a strong link with the territory and with the communities who live there. Through the empirical study of the case Orim S.p.A., a leader company in the sector of industrial waste disposal and recovery, it will be explained how, often, these companies face a paradoxical reputational problem: while the specialized actors attribute a high value to these business activities as they contribute to advancing the transition towards a model of circular economy and slowing down the process of environmental degradation, civil society, because of a lack of information on the actual practices of these activities, has more difficulties to draw up a complete judgment on these issues and sanctions, indirectly but significantly, the operations of companies operating in this critical sector. In other words, the presence of a "reputational gap" ends up triggering a vicious circle that has significant repercussions on the development and growth of the business. This work is divided into four parts. The first chapter aims to clarify the complex concept of Corporate Reputation as a strategic intangible asset and key factor in the Web 2.0 era. The second chapter aims to analyze and frame the phenomenon of Corporate Social Responsibility, which will be examined in terms of origins, theoretical developments, constitutive aspects, operations and benefits. The third chapter will focus on the issue of Stakeholder Management, defined as the company's ability to build favorable and mutually beneficial relationships with stakeholders, internal and external, in order to create wealth and value in the long term. Finally, the last chapter focuses on the empirical part of the thesis focused on the Orim S.p.A. case. The "single-case-study" was developed following an exploratory and qualitative approach, integrating primary and secondary data. In the first part the methodology, company profile and the problems connected to the emergence of a reputational gap will be presented, in the last part, the results of the qualitative survey carried out through focus groups and in-depth interviews will be presented and discussed. The case will then be integrated with some final considerations concerning the managerial implications and the theoretical developments of the research.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi Dottorato Simonetti.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.26 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.26 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/194580
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-194580