Today the agricultural trade has a global dimension, with a lot of issues and concerns where we we have to reflect. One of these issues is about food safety, which means individual's right to consume healthy and safe food. The thesis analyzes the main international dynamics of the current trade in agricultural products, focusing on the issue of food safety, which, on one hand, must guarantee the protection of all consumers, and on the other hand, the measures adopted should not astablish unnecessary commercial barriers to impede the export of food products. The analysis begins with WTO agreements, signed with the Marrakesh Treaty in 1994, to promoting international trade through greater harmonization of the different trade standards. Concerning food safety, the SPS Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Codex Alimentarius realize a system of international standards for WTO members to protect consumers' health and to ensure fair practices in food trade. From the multilateral WTO context, emerge the role of bilateral or regional agreements, due to the crisis of WTO multilateral approach, started by the Doha Round in 2001, and mainly caused for the different positions of the members. In particular, the transatlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP) between EU and the USA, which is now stopped to the negotiation phase, is a free trade agreement to remove many trade barriers existing between the two sides of the Atlantic, with the particular purpose to erase non-tariff barriers, including the sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are the most debated issues during the TTIP negotiations. The comparative analysis of the two different legal traditions of food safety, with a focus on GMOs regulation, points out the distance between UE and USA about this concern, but at the same time the TTIP negotiations show the will of Europe and USA to create a common regulatory basis. The last part of the analysis examines the evolution of food safety in China, which, thanks to the rapid economic growth of recent years, has a key role in foodbusiness. The introduction of the first Food Safety Law in 2009, amended in 2015, is a first approach to the food safety concern. The analysis of the different food safety regulations in the Europe, US and China shows that economic globalization has also led to legal globalization or a gradual alignment of different regulatory systems. The development of international trade causes the approach of the different legal systems. There is, a sort of "legislative contamination" outside the trade policy of the WTO. In particular, with regard to the food sector, the progressive approach of regulatory systems on food safety can develop a global food law where can be satisfied economic and trade porpouses, ensuring the protection of all consumers, providing a high level of quality and safety for food products.
Gli attuali scenari del commercio internazionale dei prodotti agroalimentari, tra vecchie e nuove questioni di sicurezza alimentare: una riflessone comparatistica ta UE, USA e CINA
BASILI, Silvia
2018
Abstract
Today the agricultural trade has a global dimension, with a lot of issues and concerns where we we have to reflect. One of these issues is about food safety, which means individual's right to consume healthy and safe food. The thesis analyzes the main international dynamics of the current trade in agricultural products, focusing on the issue of food safety, which, on one hand, must guarantee the protection of all consumers, and on the other hand, the measures adopted should not astablish unnecessary commercial barriers to impede the export of food products. The analysis begins with WTO agreements, signed with the Marrakesh Treaty in 1994, to promoting international trade through greater harmonization of the different trade standards. Concerning food safety, the SPS Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Codex Alimentarius realize a system of international standards for WTO members to protect consumers' health and to ensure fair practices in food trade. From the multilateral WTO context, emerge the role of bilateral or regional agreements, due to the crisis of WTO multilateral approach, started by the Doha Round in 2001, and mainly caused for the different positions of the members. In particular, the transatlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP) between EU and the USA, which is now stopped to the negotiation phase, is a free trade agreement to remove many trade barriers existing between the two sides of the Atlantic, with the particular purpose to erase non-tariff barriers, including the sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are the most debated issues during the TTIP negotiations. The comparative analysis of the two different legal traditions of food safety, with a focus on GMOs regulation, points out the distance between UE and USA about this concern, but at the same time the TTIP negotiations show the will of Europe and USA to create a common regulatory basis. The last part of the analysis examines the evolution of food safety in China, which, thanks to the rapid economic growth of recent years, has a key role in foodbusiness. The introduction of the first Food Safety Law in 2009, amended in 2015, is a first approach to the food safety concern. The analysis of the different food safety regulations in the Europe, US and China shows that economic globalization has also led to legal globalization or a gradual alignment of different regulatory systems. The development of international trade causes the approach of the different legal systems. There is, a sort of "legislative contamination" outside the trade policy of the WTO. In particular, with regard to the food sector, the progressive approach of regulatory systems on food safety can develop a global food law where can be satisfied economic and trade porpouses, ensuring the protection of all consumers, providing a high level of quality and safety for food products.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/194615
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-194615