This work is the result of a philosophical and archival elaboration on the topic of digital archive. A complex notion, the digital archive i) represents a process of records building, management and preservation, exposed to modifications by deposit and selection; ii) is intimately related to the technical and technological advances of digital and information technologies; iii) is stably strained between its intellectual construction and the inalienable exercise of its ethical, cultural, and social responsibility. In the perspective we present here, the digital archive thus denotes a continuous activity of mediation that is simultaneously a choice of what to know, a way of forming, and a commitment to forming, in the construction of digitally preserved memory and in the dissemination of curated knowledge. The articulation of the paper follows this approach. The three chapters respectively represent the archive, the digital archive, and the digital. The first chapter focuses on the path from the record to the constitution of the archive. Asking what an archival record is means inaugurating the path toward a reflection around knowledge, and its production, finally discovering the ethical side of the archive. It leads to a restore of the archival record notion as a foundational connecting element between individual subjects and society. Holding together archival reflection and philosophical gaze (with a specific focus on contemporary philosophical thought), the chapter examines some moments of the path from the record to the archive, paying attention to the stages of production, recording, management, and preservation of records and analyzing them through the thought of Derrida, Heidegger, Ricoeur, and Foucault, respectively. This path reflects the ethical goal that we trace within the notion of archive: it stands as the custodian of knowledge as a common good. The background of the entire chapter insists theme of memory. From our perspective, it represents not only the content of the archive but its raison d'être. From this point of view, memory can be freed from a passive position (which relegates it to an object of the archive) to acquire an active role in forming and in-forming archive. Thus, memory represents that theoretical core that can also return a practical junction aimed at motivating the transition from one subject to multiple subjects of memory and thus to a constant reshuffling of personal memory and collective memory. In this framework, the archive finally presents itself as the choice of what we want to know: memory - which from personal becomes collective - is the object (the what) of knowledge as a common good which affirms the ethical and social dimension of the archive. The second chapter focuses instead on the topic of the digital archive. Here we show the continuity relationship between the strictly archival themes, highlighted in the first chapter, and the new digital dimension, characterized by simultaneity, ubiquity, shattered, and parallel distribution. Through the notions of interaction, integration, virtualization, and deletion, which render the dynamic character of the digital dimension, we examine the definition of the electronic record. It is, first and foremost, a sequence of bits and a set of data and metadata, the production and searchability of which are increasingly linked to function, functionality, and functionalization due to the new digital nature. Within this framework, we will look at the archival record as something that "becomes other" in the context of digital interactions, laying the groundwork, with Ferraris, for recognizing the archival record as a social object, that is, as that which establishes social reality within which we act and interact. At the same time, we look at the digital ecosystem as a big archive capable of recording our actions and behaviors, so we - in the Floridian Infosphere - are data and information, continuously recorded and exchanged in the digital environment, made up of constant interactions and globalizing interconnections. Thus social reality -- founded on social objects and established by documents -- is augmented, by integration and virtualization, by the digital. The virtualization movement, in the footsteps of Lévy's reflection, will finally show in what way the digital ecosystem does not only involve the technological aspect but also decisively stands today in the construction of social relations and of the very characterization of the human condition as a process of heterogenesis (i.e., of transformation from one mode of being to another). In this sense, the archival shift to digital is likewise today's way of formation inherent in it. Finally, the third chapter marks the transition from the digital archive to the digital considered in itself. Therefore, it is to reason around the proper status of technologies, their use and spreading, articulating the notion of digital archives as technology. The chapter is thus organized around a twofold analysis that first concerns the proper context of digital archiving in the Digital Humanities background, and hence interrogates the status and prospects of technologies purposes. We will then address the issue related to the "new" digital (and technological) nature of cultural heritage and the need to build digital resources that are not only FAIR but also and above all, reliable both in a computational and archival sense. This analysis leads to the thematization of the concept of the culture-technology continuum, whereby technologies are expressions of the "one" human culture. This concept is articulated: 1) by opposition, through the examination of Human Enhancement theories; 2) by analogy, through the examination of some cores of post-phenomenology and Material Engagement Theory. Finally, the hypothesis of the digital archive as technology demonstrates its commitment to formation as a possible cultural enhancement that can in-form the cognitive choice of individuals, guide the practical application of technologies, and guide the social dimension of citizen-users. With the inherent mimesis of the archive, with the poiesis of the digital ecosystem, we must therefore join the relational praxis of technologies, in the common endeavor to remember, research, and know thus shaping the society of the future. Within this framework, the entire work is in dialogue with the most contemporary and emerging archival, information technology, and philosophical issues. Indeed, examples of advanced and widely used technologies such as ChatGPT open up future scenarios such that an encyclopedic conceptual approach and a concretely transdisciplinary reflection are required.
Il presente lavoro è il frutto di una elaborazione filosofica e archivistica intorno al tema dell’archivio digitale. Nozione complessa, l’archivio digitale si manifesta come processo di formazione e di gestione dei documenti, esposto alla congenita modificazione per deposito e selezione, intimamente connesso alle possibilità tecniche e tecnologiche dell’informatica e del digitale, stabilmente teso fra la sua costruzione intellettuale e l’esercizio irrinunciabile della sua responsabilità etica, culturale e sociale. Nella prospettiva che qui presentiamo, l’archivio digitale rappresenta dunque una continua attività di mediazione che è contemporaneamente scelta di cosa conoscere, modo di formare e impegno a formare nella costruzione di una memoria che non sia solo digitalmente conservata ma anche e soprattutto conoscenza umanamente restituita. L’articolazione del lavoro tiene conto di questa impostazione. I capitoli che compongono l’elaborato rappresentano rispettivamente l’archivio, l’archivio digitale e il digitale. Il primo capitolo si concentra sul percorso del documento fino alla costituzione dell’archivio. Chiedersi in prima istanza che cos’è un documento significa infatti inaugurare il cammino verso una riflessione intorno al sapere e alla conoscenza, al modo attraverso cui questi sono prodotti, per scoprire infine quale sia il versante etico dell’archivio e restituire la dimensione del documento come elemento di congiunzione fondativa fra soggetto e società. Tenendo insieme riflessione archivistica e sguardo filosofico (con una attenzione specifica al pensiero filosofico contemporaneo) il capitolo prende in esame alcuni momenti del percorso dal documento all’archivio, ponendo attenzione alle fasi di produzione, registrazione, gestione e conservazione dei documenti e analizzandole rispettivamente attraverso il pensiero di Derrida, Heidegger, Ricoeur e Foucault. Tale percorso riflette la meta etica che rintracciamo all’interno della nozione di archivio: esso si pone quale custode della conoscenza come bene comune. Sullo sfondo dell’intero capitolo insiste il tema della memoria, che nella nostra prospettiva rappresenta non solo il contenuto dell’archivio, ma la sua ragion d’essere. In quest’ottica, la memoria può essere svincolata da una posizione passiva, che la relega a oggetto dell’archivio, per acquisire invece un ruolo attivo, di formazione e in-formazione dell’archivio. La memoria rappresenta quindi quel nucleo teoretico in grado di restituire anche uno snodo pratico teso a motivare il passaggio da un soggetto a più soggetti di memoria, e dunque ad un rimescolamento costante di memoria personale e memoria collettiva. In questo quadro, l’archivio si presenta infine come la scelta del cosa vogliamo conoscere: la memoria – che da personale si fa collettiva – è l’oggetto (il cosa) della conoscenza come bene comune la quale afferma la dimensione etica e sociale dell’archivio. Il secondo capitolo si concentra invece sul tema dell’archivio digitale. Qui mostriamo la relazione di continuità fra i temi strettamente archivistici evidenziati nel corso del primo capitolo, e la nuova dimensione digitale, caratterizzata da simultaneità, ubiquità, distribuzione frantumata e parallela. Attraverso le nozioni di interazione, integrazione, virtualizzazione, cancellazione, che restituiscono il carattere dinamico della dimensione digitale, prendiamo in esame la definizione di documento informatico. Esso si presenta anzitutto come sequenza di bit, insieme di dati e metadati, la cui produzione e la cui consultabilità è sempre più legata, per la nuova natura digitale, alla funzione, alla funzionalità e alla funzionalizzazione. In questo quadro, guarderemo al documento archivistico come a qualcosa che “si fa altro” nel contesto delle interazioni digitali, ponendo le basi, con Ferraris, per riconoscere il documento come oggetto sociale, ovvero come ciò che istituisce la realtà sociale, all’interno della quale noi agiamo e interagiamo. Allo stesso tempo guardiamo all’ecosistema digitale come ad un grande archivio capace di registrare le nostre azioni e i nostri comportamenti, per cui noi stessi – nell’Infosfera floridiana - siamo dati e informazioni, continuamente registrati e scambiati nell’ambiente digitale, fatto di interazioni costanti e interconnessioni globalizzanti. Così la realtà sociale – fondata sugli oggetti sociali e istituita dai documenti - è accresciuta, per integrazione e per virtualizzazione, dal digitale. Il movimento di virtualizzazione, sulle tracce della riflessione di Lévy, mostrerà infine in quale modo l’ecosistema digitale non coinvolga soltanto l’aspetto tecnologico, ma si ponga oggi in maniera determinante nella costruzione delle relazioni sociali e della caratterizzazione stessa della condizione umana come processo di eterogenesi (ovvero di trasformazione da una modalità dell’essere ad un’altra). In questo senso, il passaggio al digitale dell’archivio è altresì l’odierno modo di formare ad esso connaturato. Il terzo capitolo segna infine il passaggio dall’archivio digitale al digitale considerato in se stesso. Si tratta dunque di ragionare intorno allo statuto proprio delle tecnologie, al loro utilizzo e alla loro diffusione, articolando in maniera complessa la nozione di archivio digitale come tecnologia. Il capitolo si organizza quindi intorno ad una doppia analisi che riguarda in primo luogo il contesto proprio dell’archivistica digitale nel panorama delle Digital Humanities, e che interroga di conseguenza lo statuto e le prospettive future dell’impiego delle tecnologie. Affronteremo quindi la questione relativa alla “nuova” natura digitale (e tecnologica) del patrimonio culturale e all’esigenza di costruire risorse digitali non soltanto FAIR ma anche e soprattutto affidabili, sia in senso informatico che in senso archivistico. Tale analisi conduce alla tematizzazione del concetto di continuum cultura-tecnologie, per cui le tecnologie sono espressione dell’“unica” cultura umana. Questo concetto è articolato: 1) per opposizione, attraverso l’esame delle teorie sullo Human Enhancement; 2) per analogia, attraverso l’esame di alcuni nuclei della post-fenomenologia e della Material Engagement Theory. L’ipotesi dell’archivio digitale come tecnologia dimostra infine il suo impegno a formare sotto forma di potenziamento culturale in grado di in-formare la scelta conoscitiva dei singoli, di orientare l’applicazione pratica delle tecnologie e di guidare la dimensione sociale dei cittadini-utenti. Alla mimesis connaturata dell’archivio, alla poiesis dell’ecosistema digitale, bisogna quindi aggiungere la praxis relazionale delle tecnologie, nel comune impegno a ricordare, ricercare e conoscere modellando così la società del futuro. In questo quadro, l’intera tesi si pone in dialogo con le più contemporanee ed emergenti questioni archivistiche, informatiche e filosofiche. Esempi di tecnologie avanzate e di larga diffusione come ChatGPT aprono infatti a scenari futuri tali da imporre un approccio concettuale enciclopedico e una riflessione concretamente transdisciplinare.
Archivio digitale. Filosofia del potenziamento culturale
DOMENELLA, CAMILLA
2023
Abstract
This work is the result of a philosophical and archival elaboration on the topic of digital archive. A complex notion, the digital archive i) represents a process of records building, management and preservation, exposed to modifications by deposit and selection; ii) is intimately related to the technical and technological advances of digital and information technologies; iii) is stably strained between its intellectual construction and the inalienable exercise of its ethical, cultural, and social responsibility. In the perspective we present here, the digital archive thus denotes a continuous activity of mediation that is simultaneously a choice of what to know, a way of forming, and a commitment to forming, in the construction of digitally preserved memory and in the dissemination of curated knowledge. The articulation of the paper follows this approach. The three chapters respectively represent the archive, the digital archive, and the digital. The first chapter focuses on the path from the record to the constitution of the archive. Asking what an archival record is means inaugurating the path toward a reflection around knowledge, and its production, finally discovering the ethical side of the archive. It leads to a restore of the archival record notion as a foundational connecting element between individual subjects and society. Holding together archival reflection and philosophical gaze (with a specific focus on contemporary philosophical thought), the chapter examines some moments of the path from the record to the archive, paying attention to the stages of production, recording, management, and preservation of records and analyzing them through the thought of Derrida, Heidegger, Ricoeur, and Foucault, respectively. This path reflects the ethical goal that we trace within the notion of archive: it stands as the custodian of knowledge as a common good. The background of the entire chapter insists theme of memory. From our perspective, it represents not only the content of the archive but its raison d'être. From this point of view, memory can be freed from a passive position (which relegates it to an object of the archive) to acquire an active role in forming and in-forming archive. Thus, memory represents that theoretical core that can also return a practical junction aimed at motivating the transition from one subject to multiple subjects of memory and thus to a constant reshuffling of personal memory and collective memory. In this framework, the archive finally presents itself as the choice of what we want to know: memory - which from personal becomes collective - is the object (the what) of knowledge as a common good which affirms the ethical and social dimension of the archive. The second chapter focuses instead on the topic of the digital archive. Here we show the continuity relationship between the strictly archival themes, highlighted in the first chapter, and the new digital dimension, characterized by simultaneity, ubiquity, shattered, and parallel distribution. Through the notions of interaction, integration, virtualization, and deletion, which render the dynamic character of the digital dimension, we examine the definition of the electronic record. It is, first and foremost, a sequence of bits and a set of data and metadata, the production and searchability of which are increasingly linked to function, functionality, and functionalization due to the new digital nature. Within this framework, we will look at the archival record as something that "becomes other" in the context of digital interactions, laying the groundwork, with Ferraris, for recognizing the archival record as a social object, that is, as that which establishes social reality within which we act and interact. At the same time, we look at the digital ecosystem as a big archive capable of recording our actions and behaviors, so we - in the Floridian Infosphere - are data and information, continuously recorded and exchanged in the digital environment, made up of constant interactions and globalizing interconnections. Thus social reality -- founded on social objects and established by documents -- is augmented, by integration and virtualization, by the digital. The virtualization movement, in the footsteps of Lévy's reflection, will finally show in what way the digital ecosystem does not only involve the technological aspect but also decisively stands today in the construction of social relations and of the very characterization of the human condition as a process of heterogenesis (i.e., of transformation from one mode of being to another). In this sense, the archival shift to digital is likewise today's way of formation inherent in it. Finally, the third chapter marks the transition from the digital archive to the digital considered in itself. Therefore, it is to reason around the proper status of technologies, their use and spreading, articulating the notion of digital archives as technology. The chapter is thus organized around a twofold analysis that first concerns the proper context of digital archiving in the Digital Humanities background, and hence interrogates the status and prospects of technologies purposes. We will then address the issue related to the "new" digital (and technological) nature of cultural heritage and the need to build digital resources that are not only FAIR but also and above all, reliable both in a computational and archival sense. This analysis leads to the thematization of the concept of the culture-technology continuum, whereby technologies are expressions of the "one" human culture. This concept is articulated: 1) by opposition, through the examination of Human Enhancement theories; 2) by analogy, through the examination of some cores of post-phenomenology and Material Engagement Theory. Finally, the hypothesis of the digital archive as technology demonstrates its commitment to formation as a possible cultural enhancement that can in-form the cognitive choice of individuals, guide the practical application of technologies, and guide the social dimension of citizen-users. With the inherent mimesis of the archive, with the poiesis of the digital ecosystem, we must therefore join the relational praxis of technologies, in the common endeavor to remember, research, and know thus shaping the society of the future. Within this framework, the entire work is in dialogue with the most contemporary and emerging archival, information technology, and philosophical issues. Indeed, examples of advanced and widely used technologies such as ChatGPT open up future scenarios such that an encyclopedic conceptual approach and a concretely transdisciplinary reflection are required.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/194747
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-194747