The interaction of optical wavelength radiation with electron devices has been one of the most appealing research topics in physics, electrical engineering and material science over the past four decades. As a consequence the scientific literature has grown to the level that it can hardly be contained even in excellent books and reviews. The applications have reached every day’s use and large scale diffusion and the research at fundamental and applied commercial level is still expanding. Most of the work described in the previous paragraph has been based on electron devices relying on the use of semiconducting, dielectric or metallic materials. The purpose of the present thesis work is mainly the investigation of the interaction of visible light with superconducting systems. In particular, a specific aim of the present work is just the investigation of possible experimental techniques that could lead both to an integration of planar superconductive structures and optical waveguides on the same chip and, at the same, an improvement of the ease in the coupling of light from room temperature to cryogenic environments. We will use as tools for testing the quality of our integration techniques and light manipulation essentially superconducting planar devices based on superconductive tunnelling and Josephson effect. The technological feature of the present project demanded integration of superconductive planar devices with optical planar circuits. We decided to direct the investigation toward all niobium trilayer technology and Sol-Gel synthesised optical channel waveguides. A process has been developed which enabled us to study the effect of red light on tunnelling structures. The results have been analysed in terms of nonequilibrium superconductivity.
L’interazione di radiazione visibile con dispositivi elettronici è stato uno dei più interessanti argomenti di ricerca nel campo della fisica, dell’ingegneria elettronica e della scienza dei materiali nelle ultime quattro decadi. Come conseguenza la letteratura scientifica è cresciuta moltissimo. Le applicazioni hanno raggiunto un uso quotidiano e la diffusione a larga scala insieme alla ricerca di base e applicata stanno espandendosi ulteriormente. La maggior parte dei lavori in questo ambito sono stati realizzati su dispositivi elettronici il cui funzionamento era basato sull’impiego di materiali semiconduttori, dielettrici o metallici. Lo scopo del presente lavoro di tesi è principalmente lo studio dell’interazione di luce visibile con sistemi superconduttori. Più in particolare un obiettivo specifico di questo studio è stata l’analisi delle possibili tecniche sperimentali che permettano da un lato l’integrazione di strutture superconduttrici planari e di guide d’onda ottiche sul medesimo substrato, dall’altro un miglioramento nell’accoppiamento della luce, proveniente da una sorgente posta a temperatura ambiente, su questi substrati raffreddati alla temperatura dell’elio liquido (4.2° K). Come strumento per testare la qualità del processo di integrazione e della manipolazione della luce sono stati utilizzati dispositivi superconduttori planari basati sul tunneling superconduttivo e sull’effetto Josephson. L’investigazione è stata rivolta verso strutture superconduttive basate sulla tecnologia del trilayer di Niobio e Alluminio, e verso guide d’onda canale sintetizzate per mezzo della tecnologia Sol-Gel. E’ stato in questo modo sviluppato un processo che ha reso possibile lo studio dell’effetto di luce rossa sulle strutture tunnel superconduttrici. Tale effetto è stato analizzato in termini di superconduttività al nonequilibrio.
Hybrid superconductive-optical circuits integration
STELLA, FEDERICA
2008
Abstract
The interaction of optical wavelength radiation with electron devices has been one of the most appealing research topics in physics, electrical engineering and material science over the past four decades. As a consequence the scientific literature has grown to the level that it can hardly be contained even in excellent books and reviews. The applications have reached every day’s use and large scale diffusion and the research at fundamental and applied commercial level is still expanding. Most of the work described in the previous paragraph has been based on electron devices relying on the use of semiconducting, dielectric or metallic materials. The purpose of the present thesis work is mainly the investigation of the interaction of visible light with superconducting systems. In particular, a specific aim of the present work is just the investigation of possible experimental techniques that could lead both to an integration of planar superconductive structures and optical waveguides on the same chip and, at the same, an improvement of the ease in the coupling of light from room temperature to cryogenic environments. We will use as tools for testing the quality of our integration techniques and light manipulation essentially superconducting planar devices based on superconductive tunnelling and Josephson effect. The technological feature of the present project demanded integration of superconductive planar devices with optical planar circuits. We decided to direct the investigation toward all niobium trilayer technology and Sol-Gel synthesised optical channel waveguides. A process has been developed which enabled us to study the effect of red light on tunnelling structures. The results have been analysed in terms of nonequilibrium superconductivity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/195149
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA2-195149