In the last decades, the sources of competitive advantage have been changing radically in the worldwide economy. The essential source of value creation is actually defined by the development and the strategic use of the firm’s intangible assets. Knowledge Management is the discipline that studies the process of creation and valorisation of enterprises’ intangibles and his fundaments are the recovery, the organization and the rationalization of all that is generally know as knowledge. One of the most important tools of Knowledge Management are the intangible assets measurement methods, that are becoming necessary in order to integrate the traditional methods of accounting, as it testifies the increasing discrepancy between market value and accounting value of enterprises. In the modern economic context, the concept of productivity and business performance depends in greater measure on the efficient management of Intellectual Capital. So the measurement and evaluation of the impacts and value of investments in intellectual capital is a critical obstacle to turning those investments into sources of competitive advantage. Yet, most organisations have only a dim notion of what they spend on intellectual capital let alone what they receive from those investments. As a result, many firms either under-invest or make ineffective investments in intellectual capital. The thesis proposes a methodology to evaluate the impact of intangible assets management and knowledge investments on business performance and productivity (in the terms of knowledge productivity), through the examination of the Bests Practices of those enterprises that have already successfully implemented strategies of intangible assets management. The analysis method selected to such purpose is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): a technique based on linear programming that allows to determine the efficiency of homogeneous operational unity (enterprises). Analysing a set of firms by means of the DEA was obtained a value of relative efficiency and, consequently, a ranking distinguishing efficient and inefficient ones.
Nell’economia mondiale sono avvenuti cambiamenti radicali che hanno mutato le fonti del vantaggio competitivo. La nuova fonte essenziale della creazione del valore è definito dallo sviluppo e dall’utilizzazione strategica degli asset intangibili. A tal proposito, il Knowledge Management è il processo attraverso il quale le imprese creano e valorizzano i propri intangible asset. Alla sua base c’è il recupero, l’organizzazione e la sistematizzazione di tutto ciò che viene indicato genericamente come conoscenza. Nel KM rivestono particolare importanza i metodi per la misurazione degli asset intangibili impossibile con i tradizionali metodi di valutazione degli assets tangibili, come testimonia la crescente discrepanza tra il valore di mercato ed il valore contabile delle imprese. In questo nuovo contesto economico, il concetto di produttività e di performance aziendale dipende in misura sempre maggiore dal rendimento del patrimonio di conoscenza dell’impresa e dalla corretta gestione dei sui intangibili. Nella tesi si propone una metodologia che consenta la valutazione dell’impatto della gestione degli intangibili e degli investimenti in knowledge management sulla performance aziendale e sulla produttività (si può parlare in questi termini di produttività della conoscenza), attraverso l’approfondimento delle best practices riguardanti quelle imprese che hanno già sperimentato con successo strategie di gestione degli intangibili ed il loro confronto con le diverse realtà aziendali. La tecnica selezionata per valutare la produttività degli intangibili e la loro efficienza è la Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): tecnica basata sulla programmazione lineare che consente di determinare l’efficienza di unità operative omogenee, in questo caso di imprese. La scelta di input ed output opportunamente correlati agli intangibili consentirà di determinare l’efficienza relativa di un’impresa (rispetto alle altre ed alle Best Practises) nella capacità di gestire i propri asset intangibili ed il proprio patrimonio di conoscenza. Attraverso l’analisi DEA si ottiene, per ogni unità-impresa, un valore di efficienza relativa che permette di effettuare un ranking delle unità analizzate, distinguendo quelle efficienti da quelle inefficienti.
Misurazione degli intangibili e performance aziendale
COSTA, ROBERTA
2005
Abstract
In the last decades, the sources of competitive advantage have been changing radically in the worldwide economy. The essential source of value creation is actually defined by the development and the strategic use of the firm’s intangible assets. Knowledge Management is the discipline that studies the process of creation and valorisation of enterprises’ intangibles and his fundaments are the recovery, the organization and the rationalization of all that is generally know as knowledge. One of the most important tools of Knowledge Management are the intangible assets measurement methods, that are becoming necessary in order to integrate the traditional methods of accounting, as it testifies the increasing discrepancy between market value and accounting value of enterprises. In the modern economic context, the concept of productivity and business performance depends in greater measure on the efficient management of Intellectual Capital. So the measurement and evaluation of the impacts and value of investments in intellectual capital is a critical obstacle to turning those investments into sources of competitive advantage. Yet, most organisations have only a dim notion of what they spend on intellectual capital let alone what they receive from those investments. As a result, many firms either under-invest or make ineffective investments in intellectual capital. The thesis proposes a methodology to evaluate the impact of intangible assets management and knowledge investments on business performance and productivity (in the terms of knowledge productivity), through the examination of the Bests Practices of those enterprises that have already successfully implemented strategies of intangible assets management. The analysis method selected to such purpose is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): a technique based on linear programming that allows to determine the efficiency of homogeneous operational unity (enterprises). Analysing a set of firms by means of the DEA was obtained a value of relative efficiency and, consequently, a ranking distinguishing efficient and inefficient ones.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/195242
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA2-195242