Due to environmental challenges - such as climate change and resource depletion - circular economy pattern has gained popularity among politicians and businesspeople as a powerful tool for a more sustainable future. For this reason, managerial research has increasingly focused on this topic resulting in a research stream aimed at understanding the transition towards circular business models. This research aims to explore the transition at both an organizational and inter-organizational levels. Indeed, previous literature emphasizes that companies cannot achieve circularity on their own but must rely on inter-organizational collaborations. Specifically, this study seeks to understand the activities and processes firms implement to make their business models circular and to investigate the dynamic capabilities needed. This research is composed of three parts. The first part, entitled “Rethinking dynamic capabilities in light of sustainability: a bibliometric analysis”, reviews previous literature on sustainable dynamic capabilities. Using a bibliometric approach, we analyzed 602 papers from January 2002 to May 2023 to provide an overview of the theoretical and empirical evolution of the topic and identify future research paths. Results show that the dynamic capabilities framework is effective for understanding the integration of sustainability within business strategies while opening new perspectives, such as stakeholder engagement. Overall, we observe an increasing interest in reconceptualizing dynamic capabilities with reference to the identification of new micro-foundations and the level of analysis. Precisely, we observed a shift from the organizational to inter-organizational level, common in circular economy research. Future research should explore new contexts - such as new industries - and emphasize the understudied social dimension of sustainability. The second part, entitled “The interplay between circular business models and digitalisation: a cross-sectoral analysis”, is an empirical investigation based on sustainability reports of 104 companies included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index Europe. Using Leximancer for automated content analysis, our results show that, despite the growing interest in the circular economy, the link between digitalisation and circularity is still underdeveloped in large European companies. Additionally, through a cross-sectoral analysis, we also found different levels of progress across sectors due to industry-specific factors like activities, structures, regulations, and know-how. Finally, this paper identifies inter-firm collaboration as key to creating digitalisation-driven circular business models and advance knowledge on circular economy ecosystems. The third part, entitled “Resource-based circular economy ecosystem as the locus of circular value creation: the role of a firm acting as a platform”, is a single case study on a company that created and managed a circular economy ecosystem. Our findings identify a resource-based attribute that offers a more precise characterization of circular economy ecosystems as an organizational form rooted in resources (waste and by-products) that become an element influencing managerial processes. Second, we found that circular economy ecosystems become the locus of (collective) circular value creation, extending the business model construct to a supra-organizational level to identify the business model of the ecosystem as a more appropriate perspective for discussing circular economy. Finally, we assert that circular economy ecosystems require firm-platforms as that foster entrepreneurial action by orchestrating actors and their resources.
Le sfide ambientali hanno reso il modello dell’economia circolare centrale sia per le imprese che per i policymakers. Per questo motivo, la ricerca manageriale si è sempre più concentrata su questo argomento, dando vita a un filone di ricerca volto a comprendere la transizione verso modelli di business circolari. Questa ricerca si propone di esplorare la transizione sia a livello organizzativo che inter-organizzativo. Infatti, la letteratura esistente sottolinea che le aziende non possono raggiungere la circolarità da sole, ma devono fare affidamento su collaborazioni inter-organizzative. Questo studio, composto di tre parti, approfondisce le attività ed i processi che le imprese implementano per rendere circolari i loro modelli di business ed indaga le dynamic capabilities necessarie. La prima parte, intitolata “Rethinking dynamic capabilities in light of sustainability: a bibliometric analysis”, esamina la letteratura precedente sulle dynamic capabilities sostenibili. Utilizzando un approccio bibliometrico, abbiamo analizzato 602 articoli dal gennaio 2002 al maggio 2023 per fornire una panoramica dell’evoluzione teorica ed empirica del tema e identificare futuri percorsi di ricerca. I risultati mostrano che il framework delle dynamic capabilities è efficace per comprendere l’integrazione della sostenibilità nelle strategie aziendali, aprendo nuove prospettive, come il coinvolgimento degli stakeholder. In generale, osserviamo un crescente interesse nel riconcettualizzare le dynamic capabilities, con riferimento all’identificazione di nuove micro-foundations ed al livello di analisi. In particolare, abbiamo notato un passaggio dal livello organizzativo a quello inter-organizzativo, comune nella ricerca sull’economia circolare. La ricerca futura dovrebbe esplorare nuovi contesti - come nuove industrie - ed enfatizzare la dimensione sociale della sostenibilità, che ad oggi risulta ancora poco integrata. La seconda parte, intitolata “The interplay between circular business models and digitalisation: a cross-sectoral analysis”, è un'indagine empirica basata sui rapporti di sostenibilità di 104 aziende incluse nel DJS Index Europe. Utilizzando Leximancer per l’analisi automatizzata dei contenuti, i nostri risultati mostrano che, nonostante l'interesse crescente per l'economia circolare, il legame tra digitalizzazione e circolarità è ancora poco sviluppato nelle grandi aziende europee. Inoltre, attraverso un'analisi settoriale, abbiamo trovato diversi livelli di progresso tra i settori a causa di fattori specifici come l’attività, le strutture, la normativa ed il know-how. Infine, questo articolo identifica la collaborazione tra aziende come fondamentale per creare modelli di business circolari guidati dalla digitalizzazione ed avanza la conoscenza sugli ecosistemi circolari. La terza parte, intitolata “Resource-based circular economy ecosystem as the locus of circular value creation: the role of a firm acting as a platform”, è uno studio di caso su un'azienda parte di un ecosistema circolare. I nostri risultati identificano che gli ecosistemi circolari sono fondati sulle risorse. Questo attributo offre una caratterizzazione più precisa degli ecosistemi circolari come forma organizzativa radicata nelle risorse (rifiuti e sottoprodotti) che diventano un elemento in grado di influenzare i processi manageriali. In secondo luogo, evidenziamo che gli ecosistemi circolari diventano il locus della creazione di valore circolare (collettivo), estendendo il costrutto del modello di business a un livello supra-organizzativo. Infine, sosteniamo che gli ecosistemi circolari richiedono piattaforme aziendali che favoriscono l'azione imprenditoriale orchestrando gli attori coinvolti e le loro risorse.
Innovazione del Modello di Business e Dynamic Capabilities per l'Economia Circolare: un approccio mixed-method
CORREGGI, CECILIA
2025
Abstract
Due to environmental challenges - such as climate change and resource depletion - circular economy pattern has gained popularity among politicians and businesspeople as a powerful tool for a more sustainable future. For this reason, managerial research has increasingly focused on this topic resulting in a research stream aimed at understanding the transition towards circular business models. This research aims to explore the transition at both an organizational and inter-organizational levels. Indeed, previous literature emphasizes that companies cannot achieve circularity on their own but must rely on inter-organizational collaborations. Specifically, this study seeks to understand the activities and processes firms implement to make their business models circular and to investigate the dynamic capabilities needed. This research is composed of three parts. The first part, entitled “Rethinking dynamic capabilities in light of sustainability: a bibliometric analysis”, reviews previous literature on sustainable dynamic capabilities. Using a bibliometric approach, we analyzed 602 papers from January 2002 to May 2023 to provide an overview of the theoretical and empirical evolution of the topic and identify future research paths. Results show that the dynamic capabilities framework is effective for understanding the integration of sustainability within business strategies while opening new perspectives, such as stakeholder engagement. Overall, we observe an increasing interest in reconceptualizing dynamic capabilities with reference to the identification of new micro-foundations and the level of analysis. Precisely, we observed a shift from the organizational to inter-organizational level, common in circular economy research. Future research should explore new contexts - such as new industries - and emphasize the understudied social dimension of sustainability. The second part, entitled “The interplay between circular business models and digitalisation: a cross-sectoral analysis”, is an empirical investigation based on sustainability reports of 104 companies included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index Europe. Using Leximancer for automated content analysis, our results show that, despite the growing interest in the circular economy, the link between digitalisation and circularity is still underdeveloped in large European companies. Additionally, through a cross-sectoral analysis, we also found different levels of progress across sectors due to industry-specific factors like activities, structures, regulations, and know-how. Finally, this paper identifies inter-firm collaboration as key to creating digitalisation-driven circular business models and advance knowledge on circular economy ecosystems. The third part, entitled “Resource-based circular economy ecosystem as the locus of circular value creation: the role of a firm acting as a platform”, is a single case study on a company that created and managed a circular economy ecosystem. Our findings identify a resource-based attribute that offers a more precise characterization of circular economy ecosystems as an organizational form rooted in resources (waste and by-products) that become an element influencing managerial processes. Second, we found that circular economy ecosystems become the locus of (collective) circular value creation, extending the business model construct to a supra-organizational level to identify the business model of the ecosystem as a more appropriate perspective for discussing circular economy. Finally, we assert that circular economy ecosystems require firm-platforms as that foster entrepreneurial action by orchestrating actors and their resources.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/196042
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-196042