This thesis aims to shed light on the dynamics of educational and labour market disparities in Italy, contributing to the broader literature on human capital and providing insights into policy interventions that may address and potentially reduce inequalities in opportunities and outcomes. Drawing upon data from the Italian official surveys for higher education provided by the inter-university Consortium AlmaLaurea, the study examines how socioeconomic background, gender, and early career experiences influence access to higher education and labour market outcomes later in life. The research employs causal inference methodologies based on selection on observables strategies to offer robust insights into the drivers of inequality in the transitions from high school to university and from university to employment. The study is organized into three interrelated chapters. The first chapter explores the gender gap in STEM fields, analyzing the impact of environmental factors - such as family, peers, high school teachers, and college students - on students' enrollment choices. The second chapter assesses the role of intra-curricular internships on graduates' intentions, aspirations, and short-term labour market performance. The third chapter investigates three alternative and complementary measure of parental background (social class, family resources and parental education) in shaping graduates' risk of unemployment, inactivity, or NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) status.
La tesi si propone di fare luce sulle dinamiche delle disparità nel campo dell'istruzione e del mercato del lavoro in Italia, contribuendo alla letteratura più ampia sul capitale umano e fornendo spunti per interventi politici volti ad affrontare e ridurre le disuguaglianze nelle opportunità e nei risultati. Basandosi sui dati provenienti dalle indagini ufficiali italiane sull'istruzione superiore fornite dal Consorzio interuniversitario AlmaLaurea, lo studio esamina come il background socioeconomico, il genere e le prime esperienze lavorative influenzino l'accesso all'istruzione superiore e i risultati nel mercato del lavoro nella successiva carriera. La ricerca impiega metodologie di inferenza causale basate su strategie di selezione sulle caratteristiche osservabili, offrendo intuizioni solide sui fattori che determinano le disuguaglianze nelle transizioni dalla scuola superiore all'università e dall'università al mondo del lavoro. Lo studio è organizzato in tre capitoli interrelati. Il primo capitolo esplora il divario di genere nei percorsi STEM, analizzando l'impatto di fattori ambientali - come la famiglia, i coetanei, gli insegnanti delle scuole superiori e gli studenti universitari - sulle scelte di immatricolazione degli studenti. Il secondo capitolo valuta il ruolo dei tirocini intra-curriculari sulle intenzioni, le aspirazioni e la performance nel mercato del lavoro a breve termine dei laureati. Il terzo capitolo indaga tre misure alternative e complementari del background familiare (classe sociale, risorse familiari e istruzione dei genitori) nel determinare il rischio di disoccupazione, inattività o di status NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) tra i laureati.
Disuguaglianza nell'istruzione superiore e transizione dall'università al mondo del lavoro
GIOVINAZZO, CHIARA
2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to shed light on the dynamics of educational and labour market disparities in Italy, contributing to the broader literature on human capital and providing insights into policy interventions that may address and potentially reduce inequalities in opportunities and outcomes. Drawing upon data from the Italian official surveys for higher education provided by the inter-university Consortium AlmaLaurea, the study examines how socioeconomic background, gender, and early career experiences influence access to higher education and labour market outcomes later in life. The research employs causal inference methodologies based on selection on observables strategies to offer robust insights into the drivers of inequality in the transitions from high school to university and from university to employment. The study is organized into three interrelated chapters. The first chapter explores the gender gap in STEM fields, analyzing the impact of environmental factors - such as family, peers, high school teachers, and college students - on students' enrollment choices. The second chapter assesses the role of intra-curricular internships on graduates' intentions, aspirations, and short-term labour market performance. The third chapter investigates three alternative and complementary measure of parental background (social class, family resources and parental education) in shaping graduates' risk of unemployment, inactivity, or NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) status.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/196057
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-196057