Produzione e benessere di galline ovaiole allevate in sistemi cage-free

This PhD thesis aimed to develop and improve cage-free rearing for laying hens by exploring how different factors - such as genotype, environmental enrichment and equipment - affect hen behaviour, egg production and overall welfare, using a multidisciplinary approach. General conclusion This PhD thesis addresses the complexity of improving cage-free rearing of laying hens through a multifactorial approach, focusing on genotype, environmental enrichment, and equipment. The research has demonstrated that genotype-specific management is crucial for enhancing welfare and productivity in aviary systems. Furthermore, while environmental enrichment and equipment adjustments can impact hen behavior and egg production, careful evaluation is required to balance their benefits against potential drawbacks. One challenge with housing egg-laying hens in cage-free systems is the issue of floor eggs, which refers to the mislaying of eggs outside designated nesting areas. The conditions contributing to this phenomenon are likely multifactorial. Finally, evaluating keel bone and footpad lesions at slaughterhouses is essential for assessing the welfare conditions of hens throughout their lives. These lesions are key indicators of chronic welfare issues, such as inadequate housing, poor environmental management, and improper handling. By monitoring these injuries, stakeholders can identify areas for improvement in farm management, contributing to the development of more welfare-friendly housing systems. These findings emphasize the need for tailored welfare strategies considering genetic, environmental, and housing factors.