This thesis concerns the amendments to the plan of an arrangement with creditors in continuity that occur after the court approval. Such topic was chosen because the execution phase of an arrangement in continuity lasts on average about five years. Thus, it is likely that factors that were not considered when the crisis regulation tool was adopted emerge during the execution phase. This observation gave rise to the idea of studying the issue of the reaction of an arrangement with creditors to sudden occurrences. The thesis first of all excludes the possibility of amending the proposal of an arrangement by means of a majority vote. Indeed, the parties involved in the arrangement in the execution phase have a collective interest “di serie” in the fulfilment of the proposal. However, a collective interest does not exist with respect to an amendment to the proposal. The thesis therefore focuses on the plan of arrangement and, in particular, on two possible amendments to the plan, which are referred to as “necessitated” and “discretionary”. The former aims to engage in operations other than those planned in order to achieve the same result as those, namely the satisfaction of creditors within the terms agreed upon in the arrangement proposal. The latter, on the other hand, aims to take advantage of new opportunities available on the market and leave, hypothetically, the prospects for the satisfaction of creditors unchanged. The thesis argues, firstly, that under certain circumstances it is mandatory to adopt amendments to the plan, whether necessitated or discretionary. Secondly, the thesis addresses the problem of the creditors’ protection against the alteration of the risk structure configured in the arrangement plan. On such issue, it is concluded that Article 58(2) of the Italian Insolvency Code is applicable by analogy for necessitated amendments, whereas, for discretionary amendments, it is required to turn to the creditor protection tools typical of company law and, in particular, to the performance of solvency tests. An independent expert will have to perform these tests in cases of greater complexity. Lastly, the thesis considers the internal side of the amendments, so to speak. That is, it addresses the question of whether, in the event that the amendment of the plan involves an amendment of the articles of association, it is the directors or the shareholders who are empowered to approve it. In this regard, the thesis proposes again different answers for discretionary amendments and necessitated amendments. With respect to the former, the shareholders’ vote cannot be disregarded. With respect to the latter, on the other hand, it concludes that the shareholders’ vote may be disregarded, but that the directors are required to apply for new court approval aside from any opposition.
L’elaborato ha ad oggetto le modifiche del piano di un concordato preventivo in continuità aziendale adottate a seguito dell’omologazione. La selezione del tema deriva dall’osservazione per cui, poiché la fase esecutiva di un concordato in continuità dura in media circa cinque anni, è verosimile che durante la stessa intervengano nuovi fattori non considerati in sede di adozione dello strumento: da qui l’idea di studiare lo spazio di reazione concesso dal concordato preventivo di fronte alle sopravvenienze. Nell’analisi viene innanzitutto esclusa la possibilità di modificare a maggioranza la proposta sulla base della considerazione che i soggetti coinvolti nel concordato, nella fase esecutiva, sono portatori di un interesse collettivo di serie in relazione all’adempimento della proposta, mentre un interesse collettivo non sussiste rispetto a una sua modifica. L’analisi si concentra dunque sul piano e, in particolare, su due possibili modifiche dello stesso, definite “necessitate” e “discrezionali”. Le prime sono quelle orientate a intraprendere operazioni diverse da quelle programmate al fine di ottenere il risultato cui le stesse erano volte, ossia il soddisfacimento dei creditori nei termini pattuiti nella proposta. Le seconde, invece, sono determinate dall’interesse a cogliere nuove opportunità disponibili sul mercato e lasciano, in ipotesi, immutate le prospettive di soddisfacimento dei creditori. Nel lavoro viene, in primo luogo, sostenuto che al ricorrere di certe circostanze è obbligatorio adottare delle modifiche del piano, sia necessitate che discrezionali. In secondo luogo, viene affrontato il problema della tutela dei creditori anteriori a fronte dell’alterazione dell’assetto di rischio configurato nel piano e si conclude che, per le modifiche necessitate, è applicabile analogicamente l’art. 58, comma 2, c.c.i.i., mentre, per quelle discrezionali, è necessario ricorrere agli strumenti di tutela dei creditori tipici del diritto societario e, in specie, alla realizzazione di solvency tests, effettuati da un esperto indipendente nei casi di maggiore complessità. Da ultimo, viene preso in considerazione il lato interno delle modifiche, per rispondere al quesito se, nel caso in cui la correzione del programma originario implichi una modifica dello statuto, siano competenti a deliberarla gli amministratori o i soci. Al riguardo, si propone nuovamente una risposta differenziata per le modifiche discrezionali e per quelle necessitate: per le prime il voto dei soci non è prescindibile, mentre si ritiene lo sia per le seconde, salva l’individuazione dell’obbligo a carico degli amministratori di domandare il rinnovo dell’omologazione a prescindere da opposizioni.
LE MODIFICHE DEL PIANO DI CONCORDATO
NOVARA, MARCO
2025
Abstract
This thesis concerns the amendments to the plan of an arrangement with creditors in continuity that occur after the court approval. Such topic was chosen because the execution phase of an arrangement in continuity lasts on average about five years. Thus, it is likely that factors that were not considered when the crisis regulation tool was adopted emerge during the execution phase. This observation gave rise to the idea of studying the issue of the reaction of an arrangement with creditors to sudden occurrences. The thesis first of all excludes the possibility of amending the proposal of an arrangement by means of a majority vote. Indeed, the parties involved in the arrangement in the execution phase have a collective interest “di serie” in the fulfilment of the proposal. However, a collective interest does not exist with respect to an amendment to the proposal. The thesis therefore focuses on the plan of arrangement and, in particular, on two possible amendments to the plan, which are referred to as “necessitated” and “discretionary”. The former aims to engage in operations other than those planned in order to achieve the same result as those, namely the satisfaction of creditors within the terms agreed upon in the arrangement proposal. The latter, on the other hand, aims to take advantage of new opportunities available on the market and leave, hypothetically, the prospects for the satisfaction of creditors unchanged. The thesis argues, firstly, that under certain circumstances it is mandatory to adopt amendments to the plan, whether necessitated or discretionary. Secondly, the thesis addresses the problem of the creditors’ protection against the alteration of the risk structure configured in the arrangement plan. On such issue, it is concluded that Article 58(2) of the Italian Insolvency Code is applicable by analogy for necessitated amendments, whereas, for discretionary amendments, it is required to turn to the creditor protection tools typical of company law and, in particular, to the performance of solvency tests. An independent expert will have to perform these tests in cases of greater complexity. Lastly, the thesis considers the internal side of the amendments, so to speak. That is, it addresses the question of whether, in the event that the amendment of the plan involves an amendment of the articles of association, it is the directors or the shareholders who are empowered to approve it. In this regard, the thesis proposes again different answers for discretionary amendments and necessitated amendments. With respect to the former, the shareholders’ vote cannot be disregarded. With respect to the latter, on the other hand, it concludes that the shareholders’ vote may be disregarded, but that the directors are required to apply for new court approval aside from any opposition.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/197124
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-197124