The thesis explores an innovative approach to precision archaeology, developing a computational method to create archaeological diagnostic maps of the territory. This work focuses on integrating preventive archaeology into territorial planning, combining geomorphological, archaeological, and cultural data to produce maps capable of supporting strategic decision-making in territorial governance. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the research balances processual paradigms, characterized by the use of quantitative models, and post-processual paradigms, oriented toward more complex cultural interpretation. The main objective is to create predictive tools that identify areas of high archaeological sensitivity, facilitating integration into General Regulatory Plans (PRG) and decision-making processes. The proposed diagnostic maps not only represent the distribution of known archaeological sites but also use geomorphological models to predict the presence of potential sites, providing valuable information for preventive interventions. These maps are based on parameters such as asperity, distance from rivers, exposure, terrain morphology, slope, elevation, and visibility, stable elements over time and easily integrable into territorial planning systems. The case study of the Municipality of San Severino Marche, with an archaeological heritage ranging from the Paleolithic to contemporary rural buildings, represents an ideal ground to test the method. The territory was analyzed in terms of geomorphological preferences and the distribution of historical sites, revealing settlement continuity and transformation dynamics over the ages. The analysis identified archaeological "hotspots," areas where favorable geomorphological characteristics overlap with evidence of human use, providing valuable information for the protection and enhancement of heritage. A crucial aspect of the research is the adoption of advanced digital technologies. GIS (Geographic Information System) was fundamental for organizing, visualizing, and analyzing spatial data. This combination of quantitative and qualitative tools allows for overcoming the limitations of traditional models, producing maps that reflect both the solidity of geomorphological data and cultural interpretation. The diagnostic maps produced were designed to be easily understood even by non-specialists, ensuring effective communication among archaeologists, urban planners, engineers, and public administrators. This inclusive approach fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and transforms the complexity of data into accessible and practical resources for territorial governance. The extension of the method to more recent structures, such as churches, cemeteries, and rural buildings, underscores a commitment to the integral historicization of the territory, connecting the distant past to contemporary dynamics. An additional innovative element is the integration of the maps into sustainable territorial planning processes. The diagnostic maps are practical tools for assessing the impact of urban interventions, protecting areas of archaeological interest without hindering development. For example, applying this method in PRGs allows for the early identification of sensitive areas, reducing survey costs and preventing damage to cultural heritage. The proposed approach is scalable and adaptable, with potential applications in both urban and rural contexts, offering concrete solutions for integrated and sustainable territorial management. From a theoretical perspective, the work demonstrates that geomorphological analysis provides a solid foundation for archaeological diagnostic maps, thanks to the stability and measurability of the parameters considered. However, understanding territorial dynamics requires a progressive integration of cultural, economic, and social aspects to offer a comprehensive view of archaeological potential. This combination of approaches ensures that the maps are not only analytical tools but also platforms for dialogue among archaeology, urban planning, and environmental management. In conclusion, the thesis represents a significant contribution to contemporary archaeology, highlighting how technological innovation can improve cultural heritage management. The diagnostic maps, resulting from a balance between data analysis technology and cultural interpretation, provide practical tools for territorial protection and responsible planning. The developed method not only meets current needs for conservation and enhancement but also serves as a basis for future research aimed at further integrating data and improving predictive capacity. The practical implications of this approach are manifold, from protecting archaeological assets to promoting interdisciplinary dialogue, opening new perspectives for archaeology and territorial management in a continuously evolving global context.
La tesi esplora un approccio innovativo all'archeologia di precisione, sviluppando un metodo computazionale per creare carte di diagnosi archeologica del territorio. Questo lavoro si concentra sull'integrazione dell'archeologia preventiva nella pianificazione territoriale, combinando dati geomorfologici, archeologici e culturali per realizzare mappe in grado di supportare decisioni strategiche nel governo del territorio. Attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare, la ricerca bilancia i paradigmi processuali, caratterizzati dall'uso di modelli quantitativi, e quelli post-processuali, orientati verso un'interpretazione culturale più complessa. L'obiettivo principale è creare strumenti predittivi che permettano di identificare le aree a maggiore sensibilità archeologica, agevolando l’integrazione nei Piani Regolatori Generali (PRG) e nei processi decisionali. Le mappe diagnostiche proposte non si limitano a rappresentare la distribuzione dei siti archeologici noti, ma utilizzano modelli geomorfologici per prevedere la presenza di siti potenziali, fornendo informazioni utili anche per interventi preventivi. Tali carte si basano su parametri quali, asperità, distanza dai fiumi, esposizione, morfologia del terreno, pendenza, quote, visibilità, elementi stabili nel tempo e facilmente integrabili nei sistemi di pianificazione territoriale. Il caso studio del Comune di San Severino Marche, con un patrimonio archeologico che si estende dal Paleolitico ai fabbricati rurali odierni, rappresenta un terreno ideale per testare il metodo. Il territorio è stato analizzato in termini di preferenze geomorfologiche e distribuzione dei siti storici, rivelando continuità insediative e dinamiche di trasformazione attraverso le epoche. L'analisi ha permesso di identificare "hotspot" archeologici, aree in cui si sovrappongono caratteristiche geomorfologiche favorevoli e testimonianze di utilizzo umano, fornendo informazioni utili per la tutela e la valorizzazione del patrimonio. Un aspetto cruciale della ricerca è l'adozione di tecnologie digitali avanzate. Il GIS (Geographic Information System) è stato fondamentale per organizzare, visualizzare e analizzare i dati spaziali. Questa combinazione di strumenti quantitativi e qualitativi consente di superare i limiti dei modelli tradizionali, producendo mappe che riflettono sia la solidità dei dati geomorfologici sia l'interpretazione culturale. Le carte diagnostiche prodotte sono state progettate per essere facilmente comprensibili anche da non specialisti, garantendo così una comunicazione efficace tra archeologi, urbanisti, ingegneri e amministratori pubblici. Questo approccio inclusivo favorisce la collaborazione interdisciplinare e trasforma la complessità dei dati in risorse accessibili e pratiche per il governo del territorio. L’estensione del metodo a strutture più recenti, come chiese, cimiteri e fabbricati rurali, evidenzia un impegno verso la storicizzazione integrale del territorio, collegando il passato remoto alle dinamiche contemporanee. Un ulteriore elemento innovativo è l'integrazione delle carte nei processi di pianificazione territoriale sostenibile. Le mappe diagnostiche sono strumenti pratici per valutare l’impatto degli interventi urbanistici, proteggendo le aree di interesse archeologico senza ostacolare lo sviluppo. Ad esempio, l’applicazione di questo metodo nei PRG consente di identificare in anticipo le aree sensibili, riducendo i costi delle indagini e prevenendo danni al patrimonio culturale. L'approccio proposto è scalabile e adattabile, con potenziali applicazioni sia in contesti urbani che rurali, offrendo soluzioni concrete per una gestione integrata e sostenibile del territorio. Dal punto di vista teorico, il lavoro dimostra che l'analisi geomorfologica fornisce una base solida per le carte di diagnosi archeologica, grazie alla stabilità e alla misurabilità dei parametri considerati. Tuttavia, la comprensione delle dinamiche territoriali richiede un'integrazione progressiva di aspetti culturali, economici e sociali, per offrire un quadro completo del potenziale archeologico. Questa combinazione di approcci garantisce che le carte non siano solo strumenti di analisi, ma anche piattaforme per il dialogo tra archeologia, urbanistica e gestione ambientale. In conclusione, la tesi rappresenta un contributo significativo all’archeologia contemporanea, evidenziando come l’innovazione tecnologica possa migliorare la gestione del patrimonio culturale. Le carte diagnostiche, frutto di un equilibrio tra analisi tecnologia dei dati e interpretazione culturale, offrono strumenti pratici per la tutela del territorio e per una pianificazione responsabile. Il metodo sviluppato non solo risponde alle esigenze attuali di conservazione e valorizzazione, ma costituisce anche una base per future ricerche volte a integrare ulteriormente i dati e migliorare la capacità predittiva. Le implicazioni pratiche di questo approccio sono molteplici, dalla protezione dei beni archeologici alla promozione di un dialogo interdisciplinare, aprendo nuove prospettive per l’archeologia e la gestione territoriale in un contesto globale in continua evoluzione.
Archeologia di precisione: un approccio computazionale alle carte di diagnosi archeologica del territorio.
TADOLTI, MATTEO
2025
Abstract
The thesis explores an innovative approach to precision archaeology, developing a computational method to create archaeological diagnostic maps of the territory. This work focuses on integrating preventive archaeology into territorial planning, combining geomorphological, archaeological, and cultural data to produce maps capable of supporting strategic decision-making in territorial governance. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the research balances processual paradigms, characterized by the use of quantitative models, and post-processual paradigms, oriented toward more complex cultural interpretation. The main objective is to create predictive tools that identify areas of high archaeological sensitivity, facilitating integration into General Regulatory Plans (PRG) and decision-making processes. The proposed diagnostic maps not only represent the distribution of known archaeological sites but also use geomorphological models to predict the presence of potential sites, providing valuable information for preventive interventions. These maps are based on parameters such as asperity, distance from rivers, exposure, terrain morphology, slope, elevation, and visibility, stable elements over time and easily integrable into territorial planning systems. The case study of the Municipality of San Severino Marche, with an archaeological heritage ranging from the Paleolithic to contemporary rural buildings, represents an ideal ground to test the method. The territory was analyzed in terms of geomorphological preferences and the distribution of historical sites, revealing settlement continuity and transformation dynamics over the ages. The analysis identified archaeological "hotspots," areas where favorable geomorphological characteristics overlap with evidence of human use, providing valuable information for the protection and enhancement of heritage. A crucial aspect of the research is the adoption of advanced digital technologies. GIS (Geographic Information System) was fundamental for organizing, visualizing, and analyzing spatial data. This combination of quantitative and qualitative tools allows for overcoming the limitations of traditional models, producing maps that reflect both the solidity of geomorphological data and cultural interpretation. The diagnostic maps produced were designed to be easily understood even by non-specialists, ensuring effective communication among archaeologists, urban planners, engineers, and public administrators. This inclusive approach fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and transforms the complexity of data into accessible and practical resources for territorial governance. The extension of the method to more recent structures, such as churches, cemeteries, and rural buildings, underscores a commitment to the integral historicization of the territory, connecting the distant past to contemporary dynamics. An additional innovative element is the integration of the maps into sustainable territorial planning processes. The diagnostic maps are practical tools for assessing the impact of urban interventions, protecting areas of archaeological interest without hindering development. For example, applying this method in PRGs allows for the early identification of sensitive areas, reducing survey costs and preventing damage to cultural heritage. The proposed approach is scalable and adaptable, with potential applications in both urban and rural contexts, offering concrete solutions for integrated and sustainable territorial management. From a theoretical perspective, the work demonstrates that geomorphological analysis provides a solid foundation for archaeological diagnostic maps, thanks to the stability and measurability of the parameters considered. However, understanding territorial dynamics requires a progressive integration of cultural, economic, and social aspects to offer a comprehensive view of archaeological potential. This combination of approaches ensures that the maps are not only analytical tools but also platforms for dialogue among archaeology, urban planning, and environmental management. In conclusion, the thesis represents a significant contribution to contemporary archaeology, highlighting how technological innovation can improve cultural heritage management. The diagnostic maps, resulting from a balance between data analysis technology and cultural interpretation, provide practical tools for territorial protection and responsible planning. The developed method not only meets current needs for conservation and enhancement but also serves as a basis for future research aimed at further integrating data and improving predictive capacity. The practical implications of this approach are manifold, from protecting archaeological assets to promoting interdisciplinary dialogue, opening new perspectives for archaeology and territorial management in a continuously evolving global context.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/199628
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMC-199628