This research analyzes the thermomechanical damage in railway wheel steels caused by tread braking, a process that generates friction between the brake shoe and the wheel tread, leading to thermal and mechanical stresses. These conditions result in degradation phenomena such as wear, plastic deformation, microstructural changes, and crack formation, compromising the durability and safety of the wheels. To study these effects, a 4-contact machine was used, capable of realistically simulating wheel-rail and wheel-brake block interactions, combining experimental tests with numerical models. Finite element analysis (FEA) was calibrated with empirical data to examine heat distribution and thermal impacts during braking. The analysis also investigated microstructural transformations caused by high temperatures, such as pearlite spheroidization and martensite formation, affecting properties like hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue life. Heat treatments up to 970°C showed a loss in hardness and strength, with partial recovery at higher temperatures. Fracture toughness and crack propagation tests revealed significant changes in mechanical properties. The study demonstrates that integrating advanced testing and simulations is essential for developing more resistant steels, optimizing railway wheel performance, and reducing maintenance costs.
Questa ricerca analizza il danneggiamento termomeccanico negli acciai delle ruote ferroviarie dovuto alla frenatura a ceppi, un processo che genera attrito tra il blocco freno e il battistrada della ruota, causando stress termici e meccanici. Tali condizioni portano a fenomeni di degrado come usura, deformazione plastica, cambiamenti microstrutturali e formazione di cricche, compromettendo la durata e la sicurezza delle ruote. Per studiare questi effetti, è stata utilizzata una macchina a 4 contatti, che simula realisticamente le interazioni ruota-rotaia e ruota-ceppo freno, combinando test sperimentali e modelli numerici. La simulazione agli elementi finiti (FEA) è stata calibrata con dati empirici per analizzare la distribuzione del calore e l'impatto termico durante la frenatura. L'analisi ha esaminato anche le trasformazioni microstrutturali causate dalle alte temperature, come la sferoidizzazione della perlite e la formazione di martensite, influenzando proprietà come durezza, resistenza all'usura e vita a fatica. Trattamenti termici fino a 970°C hanno evidenziato una perdita di durezza e resistenza, con un parziale recupero a temperature più alte. I test di tenacità alla frattura e sulla propagazione delle cricche hanno mostrato variazioni significative delle proprietà meccaniche. Lo studio dimostra che l'integrazione di test avanzati e simulazioni è essenziale per sviluppare acciai più resistenti, ottimizzando le prestazioni delle ruote ferroviarie e riducendo i costi di manutenzione.
Study of thermo-mechanical damage in materials for railway wheels with brake shoes
GHIDINI, Lorenzo
2025
Abstract
This research analyzes the thermomechanical damage in railway wheel steels caused by tread braking, a process that generates friction between the brake shoe and the wheel tread, leading to thermal and mechanical stresses. These conditions result in degradation phenomena such as wear, plastic deformation, microstructural changes, and crack formation, compromising the durability and safety of the wheels. To study these effects, a 4-contact machine was used, capable of realistically simulating wheel-rail and wheel-brake block interactions, combining experimental tests with numerical models. Finite element analysis (FEA) was calibrated with empirical data to examine heat distribution and thermal impacts during braking. The analysis also investigated microstructural transformations caused by high temperatures, such as pearlite spheroidization and martensite formation, affecting properties like hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue life. Heat treatments up to 970°C showed a loss in hardness and strength, with partial recovery at higher temperatures. Fracture toughness and crack propagation tests revealed significant changes in mechanical properties. The study demonstrates that integrating advanced testing and simulations is essential for developing more resistant steels, optimizing railway wheel performance, and reducing maintenance costs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/199784
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBS-199784