The thesis analyzes the political implications of contemporary philosophical views on the human body, starting from the paradigms of the "machine body" and the "vitalist body" highlighted by the field of Imaginary Studies. This represents a conflicting dualism in the common understanding of the human body, influencing various fields of study interested in this topic: from more theoretical ones, such as phenomenology and existentialism, to those of a philosophical-political nature, including studies on the concept of biopolitics centered around Foucault's observations. From a more practical perspective, the same dichotomy is also found in the directions and practices guiding medicine, as different representations of the human body inspire different interpretations of health, as well as in the legal field, considering the peculiar contemporary development of regulations applied to disability. The complex issue of philosophical perspectives on corporeality therefore requires a preliminary clarification regarding the method and conceptual categories evaluated and employed by this study, which draws on the intersection of some traditional theoretical cores of Political Philosophy with Imaginal Philosophy. It is argued that a philosophical analysis of the Western collective imaginary cannot overlook an important aspect of the contemporary world which, in light of the massive use of new communication media, is characterized as an unprecedented "civilization of images." This imposes on the philosophical gaze, which intends to investigate interpretations of the human body, to focus on a cognitive element that has traditionally been largely neglected by philosophical thought: the image. In this sense, the study aims to clarify the imaginal components, such as symbols, myths, and narratives, that shape contemporary views of the human body, starting from the analyses proposed by G. Canguilhem, who in the twentieth century addressed the issue of corporeality with philosophical-political outcomes, more or less explicitly embracing, sometimes partially and sometimes completely, the epistemological framework suggested by Imaginal Philosophy. In light of these considerations, the thesis intends to show how and to what extent in contemporary times the image of the "machine body," substantially predominant in the Western imaginary, gradually disintegrates in favor of a growing collective awareness of an alternative and anti-reductionist image of the human body. This modifies the Western imaginary, with significant implications also for philosophical-political conceptions, particularly concerning theories of political action, and more generally for the practices of managing the body by politics.
La tesi analizza il risvolto politico delle visioni filosofiche del corpo umano nella contemporaneità, a partire dai paradigmi del “corpo macchina” e del “corpo vitalista” evidenziati dalla corrente degli Studi sull’immaginario. Si tratta di un dualismo conflittuale tra i modi di intendere comunemente il corpo umano, che influenza diversi ambiti di studio interessati a questo argomento: da quelli di carattere più teoretico, come le correnti della fenomenologia e dell’esistenzialismo, a quelli di natura filosofico-politica, tra i quali gli studi sul concetto di biopolitica che fanno perno attorno alle osservazioni foucaultiane. Da un punto di vista più pratico, la stessa dicotomia si ritrova anche nelle direzioni e nelle pratiche che orientano la medicina, poiché diverse rappresentazioni del corpo umano ispirano differenti interpretazioni della salute, nonché l’ambito giuridico, considerando il peculiare sviluppo contemporaneo delle norme applicate in materia di disabilità. La complessa questione delle prospettive filosofiche della corporeità richiede pertanto un chiarimento preliminare in merito al metodo e alle categorie concettuali valutati e impiegati in questo studio, che si avvale dell’incontro tra alcuni tradizionali nuclei teorici della Filosofia politica con la Filosofia immaginale. Si sostiene, infatti, che un’analisi filosofica sull’immaginario collettivo occidentale non possa trascurare un aspetto importante del mondo contemporaneo che, alla luce dell’utilizzo massivo dei nuovi mezzi di comunicazione, si caratterizza come un’inedita “civiltà delle immagini”, la quale impone allo sguardo filosofico, che intende indagare sulle interpretazioni del corpo umano, di focalizzarsi su un elemento conoscitivo che tradizionalmente è stato, al contrario, largamente obliato dal pensiero filosofico: l’immagine. In questo senso, lo studio si propone di chiarire le componenti immaginali, come i simboli, i miti, le narrazioni, che plasmano le visioni contemporanee del corpo umano, a partire dalle analisi proposte da G. Canguilhem, che nel Novecento tratta la questione della corporeità, con esiti di carattere filosofico-politico, accogliendo più o meno esplicitamente, talvolta in parte e talaltra completamente, il quadro epistemologico suggerito proprio dalla Filosofia dell’immaginale. Alla luce di queste considerazioni, la tesi intende mostrare in che modo e in quale misura nella contemporaneità l’immagine del “corpo macchina”, sostanzialmente preponderante nell’immaginario occidentale, si scomponga gradualmente nella contemporaneità, a favore di una crescente presa di coscienza, a livello collettivo, di un’immagine alternativa e anti-riduzionista del corpo umano, che modifica l’immaginario occidentale, con importanti risvolti anche sulle concezioni di carattere filosofico-politiche, con particolare riferimento alle teorie dell’azione politica e più in generale sulle pratiche di gestione del corpo da parte della politica.
CORPO E AZIONE POLITICA STUDI SULL’IMMAGINARIO OCCIDENTALE CONTEMPORANEO
CAPRIOLI, ALESSANDRA MICOL
2025
Abstract
The thesis analyzes the political implications of contemporary philosophical views on the human body, starting from the paradigms of the "machine body" and the "vitalist body" highlighted by the field of Imaginary Studies. This represents a conflicting dualism in the common understanding of the human body, influencing various fields of study interested in this topic: from more theoretical ones, such as phenomenology and existentialism, to those of a philosophical-political nature, including studies on the concept of biopolitics centered around Foucault's observations. From a more practical perspective, the same dichotomy is also found in the directions and practices guiding medicine, as different representations of the human body inspire different interpretations of health, as well as in the legal field, considering the peculiar contemporary development of regulations applied to disability. The complex issue of philosophical perspectives on corporeality therefore requires a preliminary clarification regarding the method and conceptual categories evaluated and employed by this study, which draws on the intersection of some traditional theoretical cores of Political Philosophy with Imaginal Philosophy. It is argued that a philosophical analysis of the Western collective imaginary cannot overlook an important aspect of the contemporary world which, in light of the massive use of new communication media, is characterized as an unprecedented "civilization of images." This imposes on the philosophical gaze, which intends to investigate interpretations of the human body, to focus on a cognitive element that has traditionally been largely neglected by philosophical thought: the image. In this sense, the study aims to clarify the imaginal components, such as symbols, myths, and narratives, that shape contemporary views of the human body, starting from the analyses proposed by G. Canguilhem, who in the twentieth century addressed the issue of corporeality with philosophical-political outcomes, more or less explicitly embracing, sometimes partially and sometimes completely, the epistemological framework suggested by Imaginal Philosophy. In light of these considerations, the thesis intends to show how and to what extent in contemporary times the image of the "machine body," substantially predominant in the Western imaginary, gradually disintegrates in favor of a growing collective awareness of an alternative and anti-reductionist image of the human body. This modifies the Western imaginary, with significant implications also for philosophical-political conceptions, particularly concerning theories of political action, and more generally for the practices of managing the body by politics.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/201470
URN:NBN:IT:UNINSUBRIA-201470